Physical landscape Flashcards
(44 cards)
North west.
Mostly igneous and some metamorphic.
Hard rocks.
Basalt, marble, granite.
What does hard rock form?
High areas as rock erodes slower as it is more resistant.
What did the UK’s past placement cause in link to rocks?
Under sea so lots of shells and dead sea creatures compressed in stratas to form sedimentary rocks. Over millions of years into limestone and chalk. UK was further south but when it was pushed north it buckled and twisted and the seabed was pushed up.
Tectonic processes?
UK used to be closer to equator. Land shifted and turned causing rocks to snap and causing a hill or mountain. Some areas were pushed up by magma.
Where was most glaciation?
North of UK and when it moved southward it eroded everything it touched. Eroded v-shaped valleys to u-shaped valleys. When they melted the water washed out the sediment and deposited it in the south of England which caused soft rock.
What is weathering?
The weakening of rock that allows it to be eroded.
Harder rock-rock fall
Harder rocks in larger pieces fall down due to weakening of a rock. This is called scree at the bottom.
Hard roc-landslides.
Large amounts of rock fall down suddenly.
Soft rock-Soil screep
Slowly weight of rock on slope with move down, especially with rainwater making it heavier.
Glaciers water.
When they melted, water caused river processes.
Lake district-upland.
Hard rock so lots of rock fall and landslides due to freeze thaw weathering at night time. If it rains it will add weight helping with rock fall and landslides. Rivers at the bottom of U-shaped valleys and silt and sediment deposited when they flow so bottom of these areas is very fertile. Steep and has scree.
The weald-lowland.
Hilly but not mountainous. Geological uplift caused movement of rock strata’s causing an anticline. Layers of hard and soft rock sticking out as the hard rock sticks out. This is called scarps and dips. Chemical weathering of chalk and biological weathering due to lots of vegetation as mild. Chalk is permeable so dry valleys.
The weald-lowland in link to glaciers.
The ground was frozen so water could not infiltrate due to it being frozen so rivers formed and when they melted the ground melted as well so dry valleys. Also lots of soil creep due to softer rock and gravity.
Forestry comission.
Planted lots of trees not natural to the UK. Also houses for forestry workers so the land was cleared for houses.
Settlements built.
Clears natural environment.
Yorkshire Dales.
Area of limestone that was heavily quarried which scarred the landscape and habitats have been destroyed. Fields separated by stone walls.
East Anglia.
Trees cleared as it is very fertile, arable farming. Farmland built and hedge walls planted instead of stone.
Precipitation not rainfall.
Okay.
Interception.
Vegetation will slow down rainfall.
Infiltration.
Water hits the ground and soaks in if the ground is permeable.
Percolation.
As the water gets into the soil it percolates through it and slows it down.
Through flow.
As water flows ground gravity will take over.
Ground water flow.
All pores of rocks filled up with water and can be pumped out. Also flows to river.
