Physical landscape

Question 1

What are the three types of weathering?

Answer 1

Mechanical, chemical and biological

Question 2

Where are the highlands located in the uk?

Answer 2

Scotland (Kairngorms, Glen Coe), North Wales (Snowdonia), central England (Lake District)a

Question 3

What type of rock forms highlands/uplands?

Answer 3

Igneous because they are harder and the other rocks erode around them.

Question 4

Why is igneous harder?

Answer 4

Because it is formed from cooled magma forming crystals.

Question 5

Examples of igneous rock are?

Answer 5

Granite and basalt

Question 6

How are sedimentary rocks formed?

Answer 6

Layers of sediment compacted together.

Question 7

Examples of sedimentary rock are?

Answer 7

Sandstone (sand sized particles cemented together) and Chalk (tiny shells and skeletons of dead creatures)

Question 8

Metamorphic rocks are formed how?

Answer 8

Heat and pressure changing sedimentary and igneous rocks, rocks become harder and more compact after these processes ( clay becoming slate)

Question 9

How do we have igneous rocks in this country?

Answer 9

520 million years ago we were on a plate boundary and volcanoes created them.

Question 10

When two or more plates collide what can happen?

Answer 10

The rocks are either folded down or uplifted forming mountains such as in the Scottish Highlands.

Question 11

Why do we have limestone in the uk?

Answer 11

345 to 280 million years ago we were in the tropics and lots of the current country was underwater forming Carboniferous limestone.

Question 12

What rocks form the lowland landscapes and are relatively young in comparison to the other rocks?

Answer 12

Chalks, clays formed from shallow seas and swamps meaning the are easily eroded.

Question 13

What are the characteristics of granite?

Answer 13

Igneous, found in upland regions, has lots of joints and cracks that are not spread evenly, it is impermeable to water.

Question 14

What are the characteristics of chalk?

Answer 14

Sedimentary, lowlands and cliffs, permeable by water

Question 15

What are the characteristics of Sandstone?

Answer 15

Sedimentary but can be hard or soft, soft sandstone is found in lowlands, harder sandstone is found in uplands (torrid on hills), sandstone is porous and permeable meaning water can pass through or stay inside.

Question 16

What are the characteristics of slate and schist?

Answer 16

Metamorphic, slate forms in layers creating weak planes, slate is resistant to weathering but easily split into slabs, schist has bigger crystals than slate and splits into small flakes, slate and schist are found in rugged upland areas, impermeable

Question 17

What are the characteristics of basalt?

Answer 17

Igneous, impermeable, forms in columns with gaps prone to erosion

Question 18

What were the uplands of the UK shaped by and that deposit3 material making the lowlands?

Answer 18

Glaciers

Question 19

What are examples of physical processes which change the landscape?

Answer 19

Weathering, erosion, river, glaciers, slope processes (mass movement (slides,slumps)).

Question 20

How has agriculture changed the landscape?

Answer 20

Cleared land (forests), boundaries constructed (walls, hedges)

Question 21

How do human made coniferous forests lead to erosion?

Answer 21

The trees are planted in straight lines and when felled the land is left bare affecting drainage causing erosion.

Question 22

How have settlements affected the landscape surrounding them?

Answer 22

Impermeable surfaces which affected drainage and increased surface runoff, rivers have been diverted and straightened leading to emote erosion and faster rivers