Physical Landscapes Of The Uk

Question 1

What is a drainage basin?

Answer 1

The area of land drained by a river and its tributaries

Question 2

What is a watershed?

Answer 2

The edge of a river basin

Question 3

What is a river mouth?

Answer 3

The end of a river, usually where it joins the sea

Question 4

What 3 courses are in a rivers long profile?

Answer 4

Upper course -> Middle course -> Lower course

Question 5

Name 2 characteristics of a v shaped valley’s valley.

Answer 5

Steep sided
V-shaped

Question 6

Name 3 characteristics of a v-shaped valley’s river.

Answer 6

Narrow
Shallow
Turbulent

Question 7

What does a long profile show?

Answer 7

How the gradient of a river changes downstream

Question 8

What is a cross profile?

Answer 8

A cross section of a river valley.

Question 9

What happens as tributaries add more water + energy to the river?

Answer 9

It erodes the channel, therefore making it wider and deeper

Question 10

What 3 things can make the sides of a valley less steep?

Answer 10

Weathering
Mass movement
Channel erosion

Question 11

What are the two types of erosion?

Answer 11

Vertical (⬇️)
Lateral (↔️)

Question 12

What are the 4 processes of river erosion? HAAS

Answer 12

Hydraulic action
Abrasion
Attrition
Solution

Question 13

What is hydraulic action?

Answer 13

The force of water hitting the river bed and banks. Most effective when water is moving fast and at high volume.

Question 14

What is abrasion?

Answer 14

The load carried by the river hits the bed or banks, dislodging particles.

Question 15

What is attrition?

Answer 15

Stones carried by the river knock against each other, making them smaller and more rounded eventually.

Question 16

What is solution?

Answer 16

Alkaline rocks, like limestone, are dissolved by the slightly acidic river water.

Question 17

What are the four main types of river transportation? SSTS

Answer 17

Solution
Suspension
Traction
Saltation

Question 18

What is solution? (processes of river transportations)

Answer 18

A dissolved load

Question 19

What is suspension? (processes of river transportation)

Answer 19

Small sediment held in the river

Question 20

What is traction? (processes of river transportation)

Answer 20

Large particles rolled on the riverbed.

Question 21

What is saltation? (processes of river transportation)

Answer 21

The bouncing of particles too heaven to be suspended.

Question 22

Where does most deposition happen and why?

Answer 22

The rivers mouth because there is less velocity there.

Question 23

What do vertical and lateral erosion combine to change?

Answer 23

A rivers channel and the valley downstream.

Question 24

What are the 3 river erosion landforms?

Answer 24

Interlocking spurs
Waterfalls
Gorges

Question 25

How are interlocking spurs created?

Answer 25

A mountain stream erodes verticals creating a v-shaped valley, which winds around areas of resistant rock to create interlocking spurs

Question 26

What is a knick point?

Answer 26

Where sea levels drop cousins a river to cut down into its bed creating a step.

Question 27

Water forms can also form: (2 points)

Answer 27

•When sea level drops causing a river to cut down into its bed creating a step (a knick point) •In glacial hanging valleys

Question 28

What is a gorge?

Answer 28

A narrow, steep-sided valley found downstream of a retreating waterfall.

Question 29

What are 2 ways that gorges form?

Answer 29

•At the end of the last glacial period masses of water from melting glaciers poured off upland areas (like cheddar gorge) •on limestone when large underground carvery’s can accommodate an entire river

Question 30

True or false: “each stage of a rivers course has distinctive landforms”

Answer 30

True: each stage of a rivers course DOES have distinctive landforms.

Question 31

What is a meander?

Answer 31

Bends in a river found mainly in lowland areas which constantly change shape and position.

Question 32

How are Ox Bow lakes formed?

Answer 32

When meanders migrate across the valley floor they erode towards each other, which forms and ox bow lake.

Question 33

What are floodplains?

Answer 33

Wide flat areas on either side of a river in its middle and lower courses

Question 34

How are floodplains created?

Answer 34

By migrating meanders and flood depositing layers of silt to form alluvium

Question 35

How do levees form and rise?

Answer 35

When in low flow, deposition raises the river bed so the channel can’t carry as much water. As velocity decreases, coarser sediment is deposited first on the banks, then diner sediment, raising the height of the levees.

Question 36

Define an esturary.

Answer 36

Where the river meets the sea.

Question 37

What 3 things are estuaries affected by?

Answer 37

Tides Wave action River processes

Question 38

What do meanders and ox bow lakes form due to?

Answer 38

Erosion and deposition.