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MSK Part 2 (nlg) > Physical MSK Exam Correlates > Flashcards

Physical MSK Exam Correlates Flashcards

(95 cards)

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1
Q

cervical nerve roots are named for….

A

the vertebra below them (vs T/L named for vertebra above!)

this gives us a C8

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2
Q

why start c spine exam at c5?

A

c1 and 2 are rare and catastrophic (no appointment)

C3/4/5 keep diaphragm alive

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3
Q

C5

A

strength - blocker - deltoid and biceps

sensation - lateral arm, biceps reflex

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4
Q

c6

A

strength - beggar - wrist extensors
sensation - 6 shooter, thumb/index finger
brachioradialis reflex

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5
Q

c7

A

motor - kisser - triceps, wrist flexors
sensation - 7 heaven - middle finger
triceps refex

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6
Q

c8

A

motor - grabber - finger flexors

sensation - ulnar forearm, palmar pinky

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7
Q

t1

A

motor - spock - finger abduction (interossei)

sensation - medial elbow

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8
Q

how to test for disc herniation and spondylolysis

A

spurlings test - bend, rotate, and extend

compresses posterior exiting roots

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9
Q

urgent injury requiring neurosurgical decompression, compression of terminal nerve roots in L spine

A

cauda equine syndrome

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10
Q

most common msk condition

A

lower back pain

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11
Q

spine flexion causes _______ compression –> pushing nucleus pulposa _______

A

anterior; posteriorly

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12
Q

two red flags of cauda equine syndrome

A

bowel or bladder changes
and
saddle anesthesia or sensation changes

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13
Q

7 red flags of history

A 
history of cancer
night pain
constitutional symptoms: fever, weightloss, nightsweats
trauma
numbness
bowel/bladder changes
saddle sensation changes
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14
Q

common vertebra for nerve compression

A

L4, L5, S1

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15
Q

L4

A

motor-tibialis anterior
sensation - medial foot/ankle
reflex - patellar (quads)

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16
Q

L5

A

motor- ext halluces longus (big to dorsiflexion)

sensation - dorsal foot

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17
Q

S1

A

motor - plantar flexion
sensation - lateral foot/ankle
Achilles reflex

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18
Q

FABER

A

flexion ABduction external rotation

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19
Q

positive straight leg raise –>

A

neural tension

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20
Q

positive single leg stork–>

A

spondylolysis - stress fracture of pars interarticularis

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21
Q

fracture of pars interarticularis

A

scottie dog neck –> vertebral slippage

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22
Q

hip vs shoulder - which is true ball and socket

A

hip.

shoulder sacrifices stability for mobility (30% contact of glenoid + labrum which increases contact area)

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23
Q

rotator cuff muscles

A 
supraspinatous
infraspinatous
teres minor
subscapularis 
SITS
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24
Q

reason for rotator cuff force

A

sit close to joint surface

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25
which way do rotator cuff muscles steer?
infero-medial force
26
impingement syndrome
if the rotator cuff muscles do not counteract the upward force of beach muscles (deltoid, pecs, lats) then supraspinatous and subacromial burse get pinched between humeral head and acromion
27
how many bones in feet?
26
28
2 arches in foot that act as springs
``` transverse arch side to side longitudinal arch (heel to metatarsals ```
29
plantar fasciae
electrically and physically connected to musculature | when stretched corresponding nerves end signals to fire musculature of the gastroc/soleus to complete gait cycle
30
degeneration of the plantar fascia where it attaches at calcaneus
plantar fasciitis
31
most ankle sprains occur at
ATFL anterior talo-fibular ligament
32
medial ankle ligament
deltoid ligament
33
if foot is flat, first ligament to get injured is? if in air plantar flexion? which is most common?
flat - CFL calcaneofibular ligament | air - MOST COMMON - ATFL (ankle unstable)
34
SYNDESMOSIS of tibia and fibula
where the bones join via interosseus ligament
35
what test to use to check for Achilles rupture?
Thompson squeeze
36
ankle anterior drawer tests for?
ATFL integrity
37
test for CFL integrity?
talar tilt/varus stress
38
most common cause of overuse shoulder pain
impingement syndrome
39
the only bony bridge from the upper extremity to the spine
clavicle
40
an inferiorly directed overload force will cause...
AC joint disruption (shoulder separation)
41
medially directed overload force will cause...
S curve clavicle fracture
42
what allows for the final 10-20 degrees of shoulder abduction and forward flexion?
AC joint
43
if there is atrophy in muscles, what is present?
a nerve injury!
44
painful arc of impingement
at the end of abduction, ac joint becomes maximally compressed and so when hand is raised over head (about 80-130 degrees) there is pain indicates shoulder impingement
45
squared shoulder indicates
anterior glenohumeral dislocation
46
what test is for supraspinatous?
empty can strength test
47
what does lift off test test?
subscapularis
48
neers test
thumb down and passive shoulder flexion | + = impingement
49
what do impingement tests try to do?
greater trochanter is rotated under the acromion to narrow subacromial space
50
two impingement of shoulder tests?
neers and hawkins
51
instability shoulder test?
apprehension | sensation that shoulder will dislocate or pop out of joint
52
scarf test is for,,,
AC joint pain
53
origin of most elbow pain
lateral epicondyle
54
what runs through the medial epicondyle?
ulnar nerve
55
what bone spans both rows of carpals?
scaphoid
56
FOOSH
fall on outstretched hand scaphoid fracture blood supply for this bone runs distal to proximal so healing could be compromised
57
what two tendons cause dequervains tenosynovitis?
abductor policis longus and extensor policis brevis
58
what is the test for dequervains syndrome?
finkelstein
59
big bony C with a tough transverse ligament over the top
carpal tunnel
60
carpal tunnel syndrome
9 flexor tendons AND medial nerve compact space can get inflamed and irritated pressure causes median nerve to get irritated and damaged
61
superficial flexor goes to,... | deep flexor goes to...
s - middle phalynx | d - distal phalynx
62
what does resisted long finger extension test?
lateral epicondylitis
63
lateral elbow triangle is formed by
lateral epicondyl, radial head, and olecranon
64
allen test
plug ulnar and radial arteries and watch color to return to make sure they are both working
65
two tests for carpal tunnel?
phalen maneuver tinels test parasthesia or tingling = +
66
which quad spans two joints?
rectus femoris
67
hips muscles that span two joints?
rectus femoris sartorius IT band hamstrings
68
Fadir
flexion adduction and internal rotation
69
what run down the sides of knees and provide side to side stability
MCL and LCL
70
what provide knee front to back stability?
ACL/PCL
71
___ is always in front and goes lateral to medial
ACL (lateral femoral condyle to front of tibia
72
three things excessive rotation of knee can cause
meniscus tears cruciate ligament injurt patellorfemoral pain
73
overuse (non acute) knee pain is caused by
vague pain, increased pain with increased activity, and history of increased physical activity
74
effusion is...
fluid INSIDE a joint capsule
75
what is the test for effusion?
warm cold warm test and loss of skin dimples
76
knee pain --> chronic, and has effusion
meniscus tear osteo/reactive arthritis infection gout
77
knee pain, chronic NO effusion
IT band, pes anserine bursa, politeal cyst, patellofemoral syndrome
78
knee, trauma and no effusion
collateral ligament or popliteal cyst
79
knee, trauma and effusion
fracture, dislocation, ligament injury
80
which horns of menisci are more likely to tear?
posterior
81
LCL and MCL - what do they feel like
LCL -pencil like MCL - broad they never tear in the middle
82
baker cyst
popliteal cyst caused by meniscal tear, arthritis, or cartilage damage
83
three muscles at pes anserine
sartorius, gracilis, semitendinosus
84
two tests for menisci
mcmurrays and thessaly
85
tests for acl and pcl
acl - anterior drawer and lachmans(the most sensitive) | pcl - posterior drawer
86
what does the varus and valgus stress tests check (knee)
MCL, LCL
87
4 patellar tests
compression shrug retropatellar facets apprehension
88
patellorfemoral sydrome
increased pysical activity --> pain and crepitus anterior knee pain treat with stretch and strengthening
89
special tests for ankle
``` talar tilt (CFL) anterior drawer (ATFL) thomson squeeze (achilles rupture) proprioreception (ligaments in tact) ```
90
knee special tests
patellar - compression, retropatellar, apprehension, shrug meniscal - mcmurrays, thessaly ligaments - post/ant drawers, lachmans, varus and valgus
91
shoulder special tests
neers hawkins apprehension
92
elbow special tests
resisted long finger
93
wrist and hand special tests
allen test phalen and tinels finklesteins
94
L spine tests
Left and right straight leg raise FABER single leg stork
95
C spine special test
spurlings

MSK Part 2 (nlg) (9 decks)

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