Physical Properties Of Matter

Question 1

What are intramolecular forces?

Answer 1

Forces existing within the molecule

Question 2

What is surface tension?

Answer 2

Resistance of a liquid to changes in its surface area

Question 3

What tends to happen to the surface tension of liquids with strong intermolecular forces?

Answer 3

They tend to have relatively high surface tensions

Question 4

What is viscosity?

Answer 4

A measure of a liquid’s resistance to flow

Question 5

Where does vaporization occur?

Answer 5

Only at the surface of the liquid

Question 6

What is sublimation?

Answer 6

A solid changes directly to a gas without first becoming a liquid

Question 7

What happens during boiling?

Answer 7

Vapor escapes from inside bubbles when vapor pressure equals or exceeds atmospheric pressure

Question 8

What is melting?

Answer 8

A solid becomes liquid by adding heat energy

Question 9

What is vapor pressure?

Answer 9

Pressure of the vapor present at equilibrium

Question 10

What is freezing?

Answer 10

Transition from liquid to solid by cooling

Question 11

What is condensation?

Answer 11

Gas or vapor to liquid, accomplished by taking away heat

Question 12

What is deposition?

Answer 12

Gas becomes a solid without becoming a liquid first

Question 13

What is vaporization?

Answer 13

Liquid to gas by adding heat energy

Question 14

What type of intermolecular force is dipole-dipole?

Answer 14

Occurs between polar molecules

Question 15

What is London dispersion?

Answer 15

Present in all molecules; occurs between non-polar molecules

Question 16

What is hydrogen bonding?

Answer 16

Occurs between polar molecules that have H bonded to N, O, or F

Question 17

What type of bond is formed between a metal and a non-metal?

Answer 17

Ionic bond

Question 18

What type of bond is formed between non-metals?

Answer 18

Covalent bond

Question 19

What are crystalline solids?

Answer 19

Solids with a highly regular arrangement of their components

Question 20

What type of compounds are found at the lattice points in molecular solids?

Answer 20

Covalent compounds

Question 21

What are atomic solids?

Answer 21

Metalllic solids with spherical atoms packed together and bonded

Question 22

What is a pure metal?

Answer 22

A solid made of uniform, hard spheres in the most efficient use of space

Question 23

What is an interstitial alloy?

Answer 23

An alloy formed by inserting smaller atoms into the spaces between larger atoms

Question 24

What are network atomic solids?

Answer 24

Formed by networks or chains of atoms held together by covalent bonds

Question 25

What is the boiling point?

Answer 25

Temperature at which the vapor pressure of a liquid equals the external atmospheric pressure

Question 26

How does atmospheric pressure affect boiling point?

Answer 26

Higher atmospheric pressure = higher boiling point

Question 27

What are the characteristics of solids?

Answer 27

Strong intermolecular forces, definite shape, and definite volume ## Footnote Solids maintain their shape and volume due to tightly packed particles.

Question 28

What are the characteristics of liquids?

Answer 28

Limited freedom to move, fixed volume, no definite shape, close particles ## Footnote Liquids take the shape of their container while maintaining a constant volume.

Question 29

What are the characteristics of gases?

Answer 29

Particles are spaced far apart, constantly moving, particles have mass ## Footnote Gases expand to fill the volume of their container.

Question 30

What happens to the viscosity of a liquid when temperature is lowered?

Answer 30

Viscosity increases because molecules have lower kinetic energy and particles are slower ## Footnote Stronger intermolecular forces draw particles closer together.

Question 31

What happens to the viscosity of a liquid when temperature is increased?

Answer 31

Viscosity decreases because molecules have higher kinetic energy and particles are faster ## Footnote This results in weaker intermolecular forces.

Question 32

What is the relationship between the average kinetic energy of particles in a liquid and solid at the same temperature?

Answer 32

They are the same ## Footnote Both states of matter exhibit the same average kinetic energy when at equilibrium temperature.

Question 33

What factors increase viscosity and surface tension in liquids?

Answer 33

Stronger intermolecular forces ## Footnote Liquids with stronger intermolecular attractions will have higher viscosity and surface tension.

Question 34

What is the heating curve of a substance?

Answer 34

Solid heated, melts to liquid, liquid heated, vaporizes to gas ## Footnote This curve illustrates the phase transitions of matter as heat is added.

Question 35

What is the cooling curve of a substance?

Answer 35

Gas cooled, condenses to liquid, liquid cooled, freezes to solid ## Footnote This curve shows how matter transitions between phases as heat is removed.

Question 36

What occurs at the boiling point of a liquid?

Answer 36

Atmospheric pressure above the liquid is one atmosphere (101.3 kPa or 760 mm) ## Footnote Boiling occurs when vapor pressure equals atmospheric pressure.

Question 37

What happens to kinetic energy when temperature increases?

Answer 37

Kinetic energy increases ## Footnote Higher temperatures correspond to faster-moving particles.

Question 38

Higher Temp equals what?

Answer 38

Higher vapour pressure

Question 39

Higher Vapor pressure indicates what?

Answer 39

Weaker intermolecular forces