PHYSICAL SCIENCE Flashcards
(103 cards)
1
Q
3 CLASSIFICATION OF SCIENCE
A
Formal Science
Social Science
Natural Science
2
Q
3 THEORIES FORMATION OF THE UNIVERSE
A
BIBLICAL
STEADY STATE THEORY
BIGBANG THEORY
3
Q
God created the universe in the span of six days.
A
BIBLICAL
4
Q
Universe is in the same state into eternal past and eternal future and only the present moment exists.
A
Steady State
5
Q
What is Bigbang Theory
A
The universe is expanding, and originated in infinitely tiny, infinitely dense point called singularity. And there was a violent explosion which caused the inflation and expansion of the universe.
6
Q
who are the two person behind the BigBang Theory
A
Georges Lemaitre
Edwin Hubble
7
Q
Spectrum Shift
A
Red- MOVING AWAY
Blue- MOVING TOWARDS US
8
Q
defined as any of the natural sciences (such as physics,
chemistry, and astronomy) that deal primarily with nonliving materials.
A
PHYSICAL SCIENCE
9
Q
Within the first second after the explosion,
subatomic particles such as ___, ____, AND ____ were formed.
A
protons, neutrons and electrons
10
Q
As the expanding universe cooled, the protons
and neutrons started o fuse to form
heavier nuclei of
A
deuterium
11
Q
an isotope of hydrogen with one neutron and one
proton). and some into helium.
A
deuterium
12
Q
What is proton
A
are positively charged atoms
13
Q
What is electron
A
negatively charged atoms
14
Q
What is neutron
A
neutral / no charged atoms
15
Q
are the tiniest particle of an
element that retains the chemical
properties of that element.
A
Atom
16
Q
All atoms are made up of the ____ and
the ____
A
nuclei and electrons
17
Q
At the center of the atom is
the ____ which composed of protons
and neutrons.
A
nucleus
18
Q
What’s inside the nucleus
A
protons and neutrons
19
Q
Nucleons
A
units of protons and neutrons
20
Q
atoms that have the same
number of protons but different number of
neutrons. Isotopes can be written using the
element symbol, the atomic mass and
atomic number.
A
isotopes
21
Q
Greek Word Iso meaning
A
same
22
Q
Greek word Topos meaning
A
place
23
Q
Three theoretical physicists that predicted that if the early stage of the universe was hot and dense, then an afterglow of radiation must have\ filled up the universe brought about by the cooling process.
A
George Gamow
Robert Herman
Ralph Alpher
24
Q
the afterglow of radiation must have
filled up the universe brought about by the
cooling process.
A
cosmic microwave background or cosmic background radiation
25
nucleosynthesis
The process began with the fusion of protons and
neutrons to form nuclei in a process
26
refers to the process of producing the “ light elements “
shortly after Big Bang.
Primordial or Bigbang Nucleosynthesis
27
The light includes ______ at its _____, ____ ____ ___
hydrogen, isotopes
Helium-3, Helium-4 and Lithium-7.
28
What happens when universe expanded??
the temperature
decreased, forming a stabilized number of
protons and neutrons; with protons
outnumbering the neutrons in a 7:1 ratio.
29
nuclear fusion
protons can be combined with neutrons
to form heavier nuclei in the process
29
nuclear fusion
protons can be combined with neutrons
to form heavier nuclei in the process
30
Nucleosynthesis in stars is called _____ the process responsible for the formation of heavy elements.
stellar nucleosynthesis
31
The two key processes of stellar nucleosynthesis
nuclear fusion and neutron capture.
32
Elements formed by fusion with five to eight
nucleons are very _____. This is the main
reason why ___ ____ and ____ only
occur in trace amounts during the big bang.
unstable
lithium, beryllium, boron
33
Proton – proton cycle
REACTION LIBERATES ENERGY BY THE CONVERSION OF MASS.
34
for
more massive star – a catalytic reaction wherein
carbon initiates the sequence of reactions. The
process produces carbon -12, which can
participate in another CNO cycle.
Carbon-Nitrogen-Oxygen Cycle
35
what is Neutron Capture Process
are responsible for
the production of post–iron elements in
stars.
36
s- process ( slow addition of neutrons )
relatively low neutron densities and at
intermediate temperature conditions in stars.
The rate of neutron capture by the atomic
nuclei is slow relative to the rate of radioactive
beta decay.
It means that a nucleus will undergo beta
decay before another neutron is captured –
produces stable isotopes.
37
r – process
occurs at high neutron densities. Neutron
capture is fast enough that the resulting
nucleus has no time to undergo beta decay.
38
involves the
production of new elements during
supernova.
During the explosion, a high concentration of
neutrons are emitted.
Supernova nucleosynthesis
39
What is nova?
white dwarf that temporarily and suddenly increases in
brightness
40
Although the word nova mean “new star,” it is ____
not
41
Leucippus
Is the teacher of Democritus
42
Father of Greek Atomisim
Democritus
43
Who discovered the Atoms
Leucippus and Democritus
44
First atomic theory of matter was introduced in around _____
420 BCE.
45
Greek word___ – uncuttable.
Atomos
46
Atoms exist in an empty space, which he called____, that
separates them from each other. This space allows the atoms to
move.
void,
47
English scientist (1766-1844) who used the idea of the indivisible
atom to explain the Law of chemical combination.
He pictured the atom as a tiny, indestructible sphere with mass.
He is known as one of the fathers of modern physical science.
John Dalton
48
How to get the neutron
Atomic Mass-Proton
49
How many horizontal rows there are in the periodic table?
7
50
how many vertical columns or groups/
family.
18 vertical rows
51
ACROSS THE TABLE
Are arranged horizontally across the periodic table (rows 1-7)
These elements have the same number of valence shells.
52
Down the Periodic Table
Family: Table Are arranged vertically down the periodic table
These elements have the same number electrons in the outer most shells, the valence shell.
53
belongs to a
family of its own.
is a diatomic,
reactive gas.
was involved in
the explosion of the
Hindenberg.
is promising as
an alternative fuel source
for automobiles
Hydrogen
54
* 1st column on the periodic
table (Group 1) not including
hydrogen.
* Very reactive metals, always
combined with something
else in nature (like in salt).
* Soft enough to cut with a
butter knife
Alkali Metals
55
*Second column on the
periodic table. (Group 2)
* Reactive metals that are
always combined with
nonmetals in nature.
*Several of these
elements are important
mineral nutrients (such
as Mg and Ca
Alkaline Earth Metals
56
* Elements in groups 3- 12
* Less reactive harder
metals
* Includes metals used
in jewelry and
construction.
* Metals used “as
metal.”
Transitional Metals
57
*Elements in group 13
*Aluminum metal was
once rare and
expensive, not a
“disposable metal.”
Boron Family
58
* Elements in group 14
* Contains elements
important to life and
computers.
* Carbon is the basis
for an entire branch
of chemistry.
*Silicon and Germanium
are important
semiconductors.
Carbon Family
59
* Elements in group 15
* Nitrogen makes up over 3⁄4
of the atmosphere.
* Nitrogen and phosphorus
are both important in living
things.
* Most of the world’s
nitrogen is not available to
living things.
*The red stuff on the tip of
matches is phosphorus.
Nitrogen Family
60
*Elements in group 16
*Oxygen is necessary
for respiration.
*Many things that
stink, contain sulfur
(rotten eggs, garlic,
skunks,etc.)
Oxygen
61
*Elements in group 17
*Very reactive, volatile,
diatomic, nonmetals
*Always found combined
with other element in
nature .
*Used as disinfectants
and to strengthen
teeth.
Halogens
62
*Elements in group 18
*VERY unreactive,
monatomic gases
*Used in lighted “neon”
signs
*Have a full valence shell.
Noble Gas
63
*rare-earth metals, and some
say inner-transition elements.
*fifteen elements starting
with lanthanum (La) at atomic
number 57 and finishing up
with lutetium (Lu)
*Superconductors, glass
production or lasers
Lanthanide
64
*radioactive and
some are not found
in nature.
*Some have only
been made in
laboratory
Actanide
65
charged particles which results when atom lose/gains electrons
ion
66
are forces of
attraction between molecules responsible for the
existence of the different states of matter.
INTERMOLECULAR FORCES
67
Strong
intermolecular forces tend to yield ____ and
solids;
liquids and
solids
68
while weak intermolecular forces favor
_____
favor
formation of gases.
69
5 states of matter
Solid
Liquid
Gas
Plasma
Bose-Einstein Condensate
70
interaction exists
between ions and based on
Coulomb’s law where the force
of attraction between two
oppositely charged ions is
directly proportional to the
magnitude of the charges of
the ions but inversely
proportional to the distance
between two ions.
ion-ion
71
interaction exists
between ions and a polar covalent
compound. The interaction becomes
stronger as either the charge of the
ion increases or as the polarity of the
molecules increases.
ION-DIPOLE
72
bonding
exists between polar molecules
containing a hydrogen atom bonded
to any of the most highly
electronegative atoms- flourine,
oxygen and nitrogen.
HYDROGEN bonding or H
73
interaction occur between
polar covalent molecules
due to the attraction of the
partial positive atoms f one
molecule to the partial
negative atoms of other
molecules.
DIPOLE –DIPOLE
74
interaction occurs between
polar covalent and non polar
covalent.
DIPOLE –INDUCED DIPOLE
75
DISPERSION FORCES occur among nonpolar substances like
CO2, H2, and noble gases. These forces are caused by
fluactuations in the electron distribution within molecules or
atoms; these forces are present in all molecules and atoms.
INDUCED DIPOLE-INDUCED DIPOLE
76
STRENGTH OF IMFA AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF MATTER
BOILING POINT
MELTING POINT
VISCOSITY
SURFACE TENSION
VAPOR PRESSURE
77
a liquid is the temperature at which its vapor
pressure equals to atmospheric pressure.
BOILING POINT
78
a substance is the temperature at which solid and
liquid phases coexist in equilibrium.
MELTING POINT
79
resistance to flow of a liquid.
VISCOSITY
80
energy required to increase the surface area
by a unit amount.
SURFACE TENSION
81
substance is the pressure
exerted by its vapor state;
and reflects the escaping
tendency that indicates a
liquid’s evaporation rate.
VAPOR PRESSURE
82
are the most abundant type of organic macromolecules on earth.
These sugar polymers and the term carbohydrates was coined from the atom carbon plus
water, meaning hydrated carbon.
*CARBOHYDRATES
83
are group of organic molecules that are insoluble in water because of their lack of many functional
groups.
lipids
84
LIPID PROFILE
Cholesterol
Triglyceride
HDL
LDL
VLDL
85
are complex molecule composed of one or more chains of amino acids
linked by peptide bonds.
PROTEINS
86
*Amino Acids (300)
building blocks of proteins.
87
are the genetic material of a
cell, or the substances that
store the information known as
genes.
Nucleic Acid
88
that can be easily replenished
because there are infinite sources
RENEWABLE ENERGY
89
Renewable energy sources:
solar energy,
biomass,
geothermal,
wind
hydrothermal
energy.
90
They are
not replenished since there are finite
resources of fossil fuels on the
planet.
Non-Renewable Energy
91
Non Renewable energy sources:
include fossil fuels
natural gas,
coal
oil
nuclear energy.
92
oldest known
energy sources that has been
used for thousands of years.
biomass
93
Biomass can be
converted directly into liquid
and gaseous fuels collectively
called as _____
.
biofuels
94
gaseous biofuel that
is made primarily of methane
and carbon dioxide gas.
Biogas
95
The sun as the ultimate source of
energy offers an abundant and non
polluting source of energy.
Solar Energy
96
offers an enormous and
clean source of energy. It comes
from the intense heat
Geothermal Energy
97
Hydropower Energy
Pressure
98
Hydrothermal
Temperature
99
Wind Energy
Hangin
100
originated from the
decomposition of organic matter
on Earth.
Fossil Fuel
101
Law of Octave
John Newlands
102
measure of tendency of an atom to attract electrons towards itself
electronegativity
