PHYSICAL SCIENCE

Question 1

What is atomic mass?

Answer 1

Total number of protons and neutrons

Question 2

What is atomic number?

Answer 2

Number of protons or electrons in an atom

Question 3

How do you calculate the number of neutrons?

Answer 3

Atomic mass minus atomic number

Question 4

What is the charge, mass, and location of an electron?

Answer 4

Charge: -1, Mass: 0, Location: orbital

Question 5

What is the charge, mass, and location of a neutron?

Answer 5

Charge: 0, Mass: 1, Location: nucleus

Question 6

What is the charge, mass, and location of a proton?

Answer 6

Charge: +1, Mass: 1, Location: nucleus

Question 7

How do you determine the number of orbitals in a Bohr diagram?

Answer 7

Equal to the period number

Question 8

How do you determine the valence electrons in a Bohr diagram?

Answer 8

Equal to the group number

Question 9

What is an atom?

Answer 9

The smallest unit of matter

Question 10

What is a molecule?

Answer 10

Two or more atoms chemically bonded together

Question 11

What is the difference between an element and a compound?

Answer 11

Element: 1 type of atom

Question 12

What is the difference between a compound and a mixture?

Answer 12

Compound: chemical bond

Question 13

What does the chemical formula H₂O mean?

Answer 13

2 hydrogen atoms and 1 oxygen atom

Question 14

What does 2H₂O represent?

Answer 14

4 hydrogen atoms and 2 oxygen atoms

Question 15

What is the special name for OH⁻?

Answer 15

Hydroxide

Question 16

What is the special name for SO₄²⁻?

Answer 16

Sulphate

Question 17

What is the special name for CO₃²⁻?

Answer 17

Carbonate

Question 18

What is the special name for NO₂⁻?

Answer 18

Nitrite

Question 19

What is the special name for SO₃²⁻?

Answer 19

Sulphite

Question 20

What is the special name for NO₃⁻?

Answer 20

Nitrate

Question 21

What is the name and formula of nitric acid?

Answer 21

HNO₃ – Nitric Acid

Question 22

What is the name and formula of hydrochloric acid?

Answer 22

HCl – Hydrochloric Acid

Question 23

What is the name and formula of sulphuric acid?

Answer 23

H₂SO₄ – Sulphuric Acid

Question 24

What is the formula and name of ammonium?

Answer 24

NH₄⁺ – Ammonium

Question 25

What is the general reaction for a non-metal with oxygen?

Answer 25

Non-metal + oxygen → non-metal oxide

Question 26

What is the naming rule for non-metal oxides with one oxygen?

Answer 26

Monoxide

Question 27

What is the naming rule for non-metal oxides with two oxygens?

Answer 27

Dioxide

Question 28

What is the naming rule for non-metal oxides with three oxygens?

Answer 28

Trioxide

Question 29

What is the general reaction for a metal with oxygen?

Answer 29

Metal + oxygen → metal oxide

Question 30

What is the term for the reaction of metal with oxygen?

Answer 30

Combustion

Question 31

What is rusting?

Answer 31

Slow chemical process where metal reacts with oxygen and water to form rust

Question 32

Name 4 ways to prevent rusting

Answer 32

Galvanising, electropainting, painting, oiling

Question 33

What are the fire colour and product of carbon when burned?

Answer 33

Orange fire, carbon dioxide (clear gas)

Question 34

What are the fire colour and product of sulphur when burned?

Answer 34

Blue fire, sulphur dioxide (clear gas with pungent smell)

Question 35

What are the fire colour and product of sodium when burned?

Answer 35

Yellow fire, sodium dioxide (white solid)

Question 36

What are the fire colour and product of magnesium when burned?

Answer 36

Bright white fire, magnesium dioxide (white powder)

Question 37

List 3 properties of acids

Answer 37

Sour taste, rough texture, turns blue litmus red

Question 38

List 3 properties of bases

Answer 38

Bitter taste, soapy texture, turns red litmus blue

Question 39

What does the pH scale measure?

Answer 39

How acidic or basic a substance is

Question 40

What are the pH values of acids, bases, and neutral substances?

Answer 40

pH < 7 = acid

Question 41

Name 3 indicators used in solutions

Answer 41

Universal indicator, bromothymol blue, methyl orange

Question 42

Name 2 paper indicators

Answer 42

Universal paper, red/blue litmus

Question 43

Name 3 natural indicators

Answer 43

Red cabbage juice, black tea, turmeric water

Question 44

What is the general equation for neutralisation?

Answer 44

Acid + base → salt + water

Question 45

What is the general equation for a metal oxide/hydroxide with acid?

Answer 45

Metal oxide/hydroxide + acid → salt + water

Question 46

What is the general equation for a metal with acid?

Answer 46

Metal + acid → salt + hydrogen

Question 47

What is the general equation for a metal carbonate with acid?

Answer 47

Metal carbonate + acid → salt + water + carbon dioxide