Physical Science

Question 1

Solids

Answer 1

Retain shape. Melt when heated and vaporize slightly. Ex: rocks feathers wood

Question 2

Liquids

Answer 2

Take on the shape of their containers. Cannot be compressed to any significant extent. Ex: water oil honey

Question 3

Gases

Answer 3

Expand to fill any available space. Pressure increases the volume decreases. Ex air helium

Question 4

Sublimation

Answer 4

Makes it possible for some elements and compounds to transition from a solid to a gas phase without becoming a liquid. Ex: dry ice when put in room temp. Changes to gas

Question 5

Mass

Answer 5

The amount of matter in a chemical substance

Question 6

Density

Answer 6

Determined by dividing the mass by the volume

Question 7

Hardness

Answer 7

Refers to the various properties of matter in the solid phase that give it a high resistance to its shape changing when force is applied.

Question 8

Three principal operational definitions of hardness

Answer 8

Scratch hardness, indentation hardness, rebound hardness

Question 9

Scratch hardness

Answer 9

Resistance to fracture or plastic deformation due to friction from a sharp object.

Question 10

Indentation hardness

Answer 10

Resistance to plastic deformation die to constant load from a sharp object.

Question 11

Rebound hardness

Answer 11

Height of the bounce of an object dropped on the material, related to elasticity.

Question 12

Mohs scale of hardness

Answer 12

Rates minerals and puts them on a scale from 1(softest)-10(hardest)

Question 13

Physical properties

Answer 13

Are characteristics that make up the physical composition of a substance. Ex: color, form, electrical conductivity, and density

Question 14

Physical changes

Answer 14

Changes in state from solid to liquid to gas but is not a perm change.

Question 15

Chemical changes

Answer 15

Occurs whenever compounds are formed or decomposed. Rearrangement of atoms durning reaction that makes or breaks the chemical bond. The change is usually not reversible.

Question 16

Chemical reaction

Answer 16

The number of molecules or formula units of the reactant and products.

Question 17

Atoms

Answer 17

Center of and atom called: nucleus which is made up of particles called protons and neutrons. Protons have positive electrical charge. Neutrons have no charge. Electrons move around the outside and have a negative charge.

Question 18

Chemic elements

Answer 18

Composed of only one atom and cannot be separated into different substances. Each have different number of protons.

Question 19

Compounds

Answer 19

Formed by the chemic combination of two or more elements in a fixed ratio.

Question 20

Litmus

Answer 20

Water soluble mixture of different dyes extracted from lichens. Often absorbed onto filter paper.

Question 21

Mixture

Answer 21

Is a substance made by combining two or more difference materials without a chemical reaction occurring. The objects do not bond.

Question 22

Length

Answer 22

Unit:meter
Symbol: m
Approx: 1.1yrd

Question 23

Volume

Answer 23

Unit: liter
Symbol: l
Approx: 1.1 quart

Question 24

Mass

Answer 24

Unit: gram
Symbol: g
Approx: 1/30 ounce

Question 25

Motion

Answer 25

There is a constance change in the location of a body, and is described by stating an objects position, velocity, and acceleration.

Question 26

Velocity

Answer 26

The rate of change of position with time. V=d/t

Question 27

Acceleration

Answer 27

The rate of change of velocity with time. A=v/t

Question 28

Newtons first law of motion

Answer 28

Without outside forces a stationary object will never move, and outside forces an object in motion will never stop or deviate from its course.

Question 29

Newtons second law

Answer 29

The more force the more acceleration

Question 30

Newtons third law

Answer 30

For every action (applied force) there os an equal and opposite reaction

Question 31

Gravitation

Answer 31

Is a natural phenomenon by which objects with mass attract one another.

Question 32

Magnetism

Answer 32

Displayed by permanent magnets and around electric currents.

Question 33

Simple machine

Answer 33

Is a mechanical device that changes the direction or magnitude of a force.

Question 34

Four classical simple machines

Answer 34

Lever Ex: wheelbarrow, baseball bat Pulley ex: blinds incline plane ex: ramp Screw, threading determines the mechanical advantage of the machine

Question 35

Forms of energy

Answer 35

Solar, chemical, electrical, magnetic, nuclear, sound, light, and electromagnetic

Question 36

Electricity

Answer 36

A form of energy that can be used to produce sound light heat and power. Exists where the number of negative electrons does not precisely equal the number of positive protons.

Question 37

Electrical circuit

Answer 37

Simply the path or circuit an electric current flows

Question 38

Static electricity

Answer 38

Rests when electrical charges buildup of increase on the surface of a material

Question 39

Light

Answer 39

Travel in perfectly straight lines as rays

Question 40

Nuclear energy

Answer 40

Obtained by fission and fusion

Question 41

Nuclear fission

Answer 41

Releases energy when a heavy nucleus splits into smaller fragments. Used in power plants and atomic bombs

Question 42

Nuclear fusion

Answer 42

Yeds energy when very light nuclei unite to a heavier nucleus. Stars for example

Question 43

Temp conversions

Answer 43

C=5/9(F - 32) F=9/5C + 32

Question 44

Heat conduction

Answer 44

Or thermal conduction is the spontaneous transfer of thermal energy through matter from a region of higher temp to a region of lower temp.

Question 45

Thermal radiation

Answer 45

Electromagnetic radiation emitted from the surface of an object.

Question 46

Convection

Answer 46

Occurs when hot air is leas dense than cool air and therefore rises.

Question 47

Renewable energy

Answer 47

Energy generated from natural resources such as sunlight wind rain tides and geothermal heat.

Question 48

Nonrenewable energy

Answer 48

Is energy taken from finite resources that eventually dwindle becoming too expensive or too environmentally damaging or retrieve. Ex: fossil fuels, coal, petroleum, and natural gas

Question 49

Matter

Answer 49

Anything that has mass and occupies space.