physical science final

Question 1

where are metals located on the periodic table?

Answer 1

to the left of the zigzag line

Question 2

where are nonmetals located on the periodic table?

Answer 2

to the right of the zigzag line

Question 3

name of group 1

Answer 3

alkali metals

Question 4

name of group 2

Answer 4

alkaline earth metals

Question 5

name of group 7a

Answer 5

halogens

Question 6

name of group 8a

Answer 6

noble gases

Question 7

name 3 properties of metals

Answer 7

malleable, ductile, and good conductors of heat and electricity

Question 8

name 3 properties of nonmetals

Answer 8

not malleable, not ductile, and poor conductors of heat and electricity

Question 9

name 3 properties of metalloids

Answer 9

brittle, can easily be broken, and conduct heat and electricity, but not as well as metals.

Question 10

what is a neutral atom?

Answer 10

when an atom has an = number of electrons and protons, and has a charge of 0 (neutral)

Question 11

what is a ion?

Answer 11

an atom that has a + or - charge as a result of having lost or gained one or more electrons

Question 12

what does the periodic law state?

Answer 12

that the elements, when listed in order of their atomic numbers, fall into recurring groups

Question 13

what are the numbers of valence electrons for all group A elements?

Answer 13

group 1= +1
group 2= +2
group 3= +3
group 4= +4
group 5= –3
group 6= –2
group 7= –1
group 8= 0

Question 14

what is an ionic bond?

Answer 14

a bond between a metal and a non-metal (NaCl; Na is a metal and Cl is a non-metal)

Question 15

what is a covalent bond?

Answer 15

a bond between a non-metal and a non-metal (PCl; both are non-metals)

Question 16

what are 3 indicators of a chemical reaction?

Answer 16

color change, odor, and formation of gas (bubbles)

Question 17

where are reactants located in a chemical equation?

Answer 17

on the left side

Question 18

where are products located in a chemical equation?

Answer 18

on the right side

Question 19

define malleable

Answer 19

capable of being shaped or extended

Question 20

define ductile

Answer 20

able to be drawn out into a thin wire

Question 21

define characteristic

Answer 21

properties that are unique to a particular substance

Question 22

define non-characteristic

Answer 22

characteristics that can’t be used to identify substances

Question 23

what is the range of pH values?

Answer 23

0-14

Question 24

where are acids and bases on the pH scale?

Answer 24

0-6 are acids, 8-14 are bases, 7 is neutral

Question 25

what does pH stand for?

Answer 25

potential of hydrogen

Question 26

what 3 factors affect rate of dissolution?

Answer 26

surface area of solute, temperature of solvent, and amount of reaction when solute and solvent mix

Question 27

will stirring a solution will make a solute dissolve slower or faster?

Answer 27

faster

Question 28

as the temperature of a liquid increases, the rate at which a solid solute dissolves will _____? (hint: going up or down)

Answer 28

increase

Question 29

as the size of solute particles ______, the rate at which the solute dissolves increases. (going up or down)

Answer 29

decreases

Question 30

solutions form when a ______ dissolves in a solution (hint: SOLUTion)

Answer 30

solute

Question 31

___ causes molecules on sugar to leave a sugar cube more rapidly when placed in a solution. (hint: temperature)

Answer 31

heat

Question 32

the rate at which a solid solute dissolves (can or can’t) be changed?

Answer 32

can

Question 33

the ___ the size of solute particles, the faster the solute dissolves. (hint: going big or small)

Answer 33

larger

Question 34

a sugar cube dissolves (faster or slower) in a glass of cold water than in a glass of hot water?

Answer 34

slower

Question 35

if you put a sugar cube in a glass of water and do not stir it, some of the sugar (will or won’t) dissolve?

Answer 35

will

Question 36

a cool solvent dissolves (less or more) solute than an equal amount of warm solvent?

Answer 36

less

Question 37

the gradual wearing away of a metal as a result of a chemical reaction in which the metal is changed into a metallic compound is what?

Answer 37

corrosion

Question 38

the force of attraction between the metal atoms and the surrounding sea of electrons in the metal is a _____ bond. (hint: METAL)

Answer 38

metallic

Question 39

copper is used in electrical wiring because of what physical property?

Answer 39

good conductor of electricity

Question 40

what is the only metal to exist as a liquid at room temperature

Answer 40

mercury

Question 41

what is the least reactive group of elements on the periodic table

Answer 41

noble gases (group 8a)

Question 42

how many valence electrons do alkaline-earth metals have?

Answer 42

2

Question 43

is silicon a metal, non-metal, or metalloid?

Answer 43

metalloid

Question 44

is neon a metal, non-metal, or metalloid?

Answer 44

non-metal

Question 45

true or false: are non-metals dull?

Answer 45

true

Question 46

true or false: do metalloids form 2+ ions?

Answer 46

false

Question 47

true or false: do metals form 2+ ions?

Answer 47

true

Question 48

what values do strong bases have?

Answer 48

8-14, 14 being the strongest

Question 49

does an acid or base turn red litmus paper blue?

Answer 49

base

Question 50

a vertical row of elements on the table is called?

Answer 50

group

Question 51

a horizontal row of elements on the table is called?

Answer 51

period