Physical Uk - Coasts

Question 1

Discordant coastlines

Answer 1

Rock layers at right angles to the coastline

Question 2

Concordant coastline

Answer 2

Rock layers are parallel to the coastline

Question 3

Joints

Answer 3

Small vertical cracks in rocks

Question 4

Faults

Answer 4

Large cracks caused by tectonic movement

Question 5

Constructive waves

Answer 5

Strong swash weak backwash - build the beach

Question 6

Destructive waves

Answer 6

Strong backwash, weak swash - erode the beach

Question 7

Headland

Answer 7

A piece of land jutting out to sea

Question 8

Bay

Answer 8

Broad coastal inlet with a beach

Question 9

Fetch

Answer 9

Distance over which wind has blown

Question 10

What does wave energy depend on

Answer 10

Fetch, strength of the wind, the length of time over which wind has blown

Question 11

Why do waves break

Answer 11

The bottom wave touches the sand and slows down due to increased friction, the top of the wave becomes higher and steeper until it topples over

Question 12

Swash

Answer 12

The water that rushes up the beach

Question 13

Backwash

Answer 13

The water that flows back towards the sea

Question 14

Longshore drift?

Answer 14

Process determined by prevailing wind which influences the angle in which the wave approaches the sea

Question 15

Spit

Answer 15

A finger of new land made of sand and shingle jutting out to sea

Question 16

Salt marsh

Answer 16

Low lying coastal wetland extending between high and low tide

Question 17

Bar

Answer 17

A spit that has grown across a bay

Question 18

Tombolo

Answer 18

When a spit connects an island to a mainland

Question 19

Why does global warming cause sea levels to rise

Answer 19

1) melting ice - amount if water increase
2) heating oceans - thermal expansion

Question 20

Storm surge

Answer 20

A rise in sea level beneath a servere storm and heightened waves driven onshore by strong winds

Question 21

Human activities affecting coastal areas

Answer 21

Housing
Offices
Agriculture
Industry

Question 22

2 positives of sea wall

Answer 22

Effective at stopping the sea
Often has a walkway for people

Question 23

2 positives of groynes

Answer 23

Provides useful structures for fishing
Not too expensive

Question 24

2 negatives of sea wall

Answer 24

Can block views
Expensive

Question 25

2 negatives of groynes

Answer 25

Unnatural Stop other beaches from getting sediment

Question 26

2 positives of beach nourishment

Answer 26

Blends with existing beach Cheap and easy to manage

Question 27

Negative of beach nourishment

Answer 27

Needs consistent maintenance

Question 28

2 positives of marsh creation

Answer 28

Cheap Creates habitats

Question 29

2 negatives of marsh creation

Answer 29

Land will be lost due to flooded areas Farmers and landowners must be payed for land loss

Question 30

Shoreline management plan

Answer 30

An approach that builds on the knowledge of the coastal environment and takes into account the wide public to protect the coast

Question 31

Hold the line?

Answer 31

Using sea defences so the coast stays

Question 32

Advance the line?

Answer 32

Use sea defences to move the coast further into the sea

Question 33

Strategic realignment

Answer 33

Let the coast erode and move people away from risky areas

Question 34

Do nothing?

Answer 34

Take no action