physical xray

Question 1

• When electrons pass from a high energy level to a low energy level through WAVES;
• The emission of excess energy is in the form of :

Answer 1

“electromagnetic
radiation”

Question 2

why do energy decreases in EMR while transferring energy?

Answer 2

due to ABSORPTION AND SCATTERING

Question 3

in EMR, THEY TRANSFER ENERGY TO THE …………..

Answer 3

MEDIUM THEY PASS THROUGH

Question 4

EMR with enough
energy to eject orbital
electrons from an
atom is called……………

Answer 4

ionizing radiation

Question 5

examples of ionizing EMR

Answer 5

UV light, X-rays, gamma-ray

Question 6

structures with which feature absorb more x-ray and lets less x-ray reach the detector back?

Answer 6

The structures with
higher atomic number,
physical density and
thickness

Question 7

What is EMR?

Answer 7

When e- pass from HIGH to Low energy lvl

Question 8

What does the energy consist of in an EMr?

Answer 8

electric field (E) [longer wave] and magnetic field (B)[shorter wave]

Question 9

As the frequency increases…what happens to wavelength and energy?

Answer 9

Wavelength decreases and energy increases

Question 10

What is the most largest source of radiaton?

Answer 10

-Radon environment

Question 11

What is radon?

Answer 11

All earth based materials such as concrete, bricks, wall-board etc contain radon.

Question 12

What is the largest source of artificial [man-made] ionizing radiation?

Answer 12

Diagnostic x-ray

Question 13

Which type of cells are more sensitive to radiation?

Answer 13

Proliferating cells[stem cells]

Question 14

List the most sensitive cell(most proliferation) to most resistant cells (least proliferation)?

Answer 14

WBC(lymphocytes)
RBC
Digestive syst cells
Reproductive organ cells
Skin cells
Blood vessels
Tissue cells(bone,nervous system)

Question 15

Wht is the role of the generator of the x-ray?

Answer 15

GENERATOR PROVIDES APPROPRIATE
ENERGY TO THE X RAY TUBE

Question 16

What are the controls found on the control panel of x ray?

Answer 16

X-ray voltage setting

X-ray current setting

Time setting

Question 17

which part of the control panel control the intensity of the energy?

Answer 17

X-ray voltage [kilovolt potential (kVp)] setting

Question 18

which part of the control panel control the amount of radiation emitted?

Answer 18

X-ray current[mAmperes] setting

Time setting

Question 19

How does x-ray form?

Answer 19

Energy[heat]—>Electrons move from cathode to anode—>energy is LOST—>x-ray

Question 20

With what does x-ray interact with in the matter it is penetrating?

Answer 20

With the ATOMS of the matter

Question 21

What are the 2 types of x-ray interactions with matter?

Answer 21

1-Absorption
2-scattering

Question 22

What are the diagnostic features of x-ray

Answer 22

1. Penetration;
2. Photographic effect;
3. Fluorescence effect; fluoroscopy; real-time x-ray movement
4. Ionization effect;

Question 23

**what happens when there’s more attenuation of the x-ray?

Answer 23

less x-rays reach the image receptor (film)→ white «radiodense»[radioopaque]

Question 24

**what happens when there’s Less attenuation of the x-rays?

Answer 24

more x-rays reach the image receptor(film)→black «radiolucent»

Question 25

give examples for the 5 main densities in radiographs (from very Radiolucent[dark] to very radio-opaque[white])?

Answer 25

* Very Radiolucent : Air / Gas * Radiolucent : Fat * Intermediate density : Water / Soft tissue * Radio-opacity : Calcification / Bone / stone * Very radio-opaque : metal / contrast material

Question 26

*Organs and tissues that are normally not seen, can be rendered visible by injecting ............. into or around them.

Answer 26

contrast material[dye]

Question 27

what is an ex of negative contrast material?

Answer 27

air/CO2 -->give Radiolucent appearance

Question 28

................are materials with high atomic numbers, so their ability to weaken the x-rays is high

Answer 28

Positive contrast materials

Question 29

Two types of positive contrast media are used?

Answer 29

ionized contrast media and Barium sulphate.