Physics 1 Flashcards
(30 cards)
What is infrared radiation?
Heat radiation that is emitted from the surface of an object.
In what three ways is heat transferred?
Radiation, conduction and convection.
What type of surface absorbs infrared radiation more?
Dark and matt surfaces.
Light, shiny surfaces _______ a lot of the infrared radiation that falls on them.
Reflect.
What happens when you give particles in a solid more kinetic energy through heat?
They vibrate and move faster, then eventually cause it to melt, then boil the liquid.
What is conduction of heat energy?
Where vibrating particles pass on their extra kinetic energy to neighbouring particles.
Why are metals good conductors?
They have free electrons inside them so they transfer the energy more quickly.
What is convection?
When the more energetic particles move from the hotter region to the cooler region, and take their heat energy with them.
Why does warm air fall when it is at the top of a room?
The warm air becomes cool as it loses energy, then becomes cool and more dense.
What is condensation?
When a gas comes into contact with a cold surface, and turns into a liquid.
What is evaporation?
When particles escape from a liquid because they have more energy.
What are the nine types of energy?
Electrical, light, sound, kinetic, nuclear, thermal, gravitational potential, elastic potential and chemical.
Energy can be transferred usefully from one form to another, stored, or dissipated. But it can never be…
Created or destroyed.
What are the four non-renewable fuels?
Coal, oil, natural gas, nuclear.
Give 4 examples of renewable energy sources.
Wind, waves, tides, hydroelectric, solar, geothermal, food, biofuels.
How do turbines work in the national grid?
Fuel is heated in a boiler, which then goes through to the turbine. The heat energy is transferred to kinetic energy which turns the turbine. This turns the generator which changes the kinetic energy to electrical energy, and this goes into the national grid.
What are the 5 stages of the national grid?
Power station, step-up transformer, pylons, step-down transformer, consumers.
What is frequency measured in?
Hertz (Hz)
What is a transverse wave?
When the vibrations are perpendicular to the direction of energy transfer of the wave.
What is a longitudinal wave?
When the vibrations are parallel to the direction of energy transfer of the wave.
The angle of incidence equals…
The angle of reflection.
What is diffraction?
When waves ‘bend round’ obstacles, causing the waves to spread out.
What is refraction?
When waves go through a new material of a different density, which causes it to change direction.
What are the 7 types of waves in the electromagnetic spectrum in order?
Radio waves, micro waves, infrared, visible light, ultra violet, x-rays, gamma rays.
