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Science 10 Biology > Physics > Flashcards

Physics Flashcards

1
Q

What are sigdigs

A

Significant Digits

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2
Q

Are leading zeros significant?

A

No

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3
Q

What digits are significant?

A

In between zeros, trailing zeros, and non-zero numbers.

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4
Q

What is Uniform Motion?

A

Moving at a constant rate in the same direction

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5
Q

What is Average Speed

A

A change in distance over a given time interval

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6
Q

What is the formula for average speed?

A

Average speed(m/s)=distance(m)/time(seconds)
or V=d/t

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7
Q

What is the slope of a Distance-Time Graph?

A

The slope of a distance-time graph represents speed.

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8
Q

How do I calculate the slope of a Distance-Time Graph?

A

Slope=rise/run or y2-y1/ X2-x1

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9
Q

What does the steepness of a slope tell us

A

How fast the object is moving.

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10
Q

What does a Speed-Time graph give us

A

Distance.

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11
Q

What are Scalar Quantities?

A

Have a magnitude (size) only, no direction associated with it!
examples:time, mass, distance, speed, energy, work

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12
Q

What are Vector Quantities?

A

Have both magnitude and direction.
Examples:displacement, velocity, force, acceleration

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13
Q

What is Position?

A

The separation between an object and its starting point/a reference point (usually 0).

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14
Q

What are the positive Vector sign conventions?

A

forwards,up,right,east,north.

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15
Q

What are the negative Vector Sign conventions?

A

Backwards,down,left,west,south

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16
Q

Is Displacement a Scalar or Vector Quantity?

A

Vector.

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17
Q

Is Distance a scalar or vector quantity?

A

Scalar.

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18
Q

How to calculate distance

A

example: add up numbers
20km + 50km + 10km = 80km

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19
Q

How to calculate Displacement?

A

Example: Add up numbers with integers
(-20km) + (+50km) + (-10km) = 20km

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20
Q

What is Average Velocity?

A

A change in position during a time interval

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21
Q

What do arrows represent?

A

Vector Quantities.

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22
Q

What is the formula for Average Velocity

A

-> ->
V = d / t or Average velocity(M/s)= displacement(m)/time(seconds)

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23
Q

How is velocity different from speed?

A

Consider this: you are drive 300 km south from Edmonton to Calgary in 3 hours. Then you drive back home in the same amount of time. During your whole trip, since you went straight back you’re displacement is 0 km because you didn’t change direction while distance is 600km.

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24
Q

What does the slope of a Position-Time Graph represent?

A

The slope of a position-time graph represents velocity

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25
How do I calculate Displacement?
Displacement (m) = final or ending position (m) - initial or starting position (m)
26
What is Acceleration?
The change in velocity during a given time interval.
27
What is the formula for Acceleration?
acceleration=final velocity-initial velocity/time interval.
28
What are the units for a Acceleration formula?
Acceleration:m/s^2 Velocity=m/s Time Interval:Seconds
29
If an object is speeding up or down is it uniform motion?
No! Uniform Motion is constant speed.
30
What does the Delta symbol mean?
Change in
31
If Vehicle A is speeding up(+) and going in a positive direction(+) what kind of acceleration is occuring?
Positive Acceleration. Why? Two positives is a positive.
32
If Vehicle A is speeding up(+) but going in a negative direction(-) what kind of acceleration is occuring?
Negative Acceleration. Why? A positive and a negative make a negative.
33
If Vehicle A is Slowing down(-) but is going in a positive direction(+) what kind of acceleration is occuring?
Negative Acceleration. Why? A positive and a negative make a negative.
34
If Vehicle A is slowing down(-) and is going in a negative direction(-) what kind of acceleration is occuring?
Positive Acceleration. Two negatives make a positive.
35
How does the slope of a position time graph work?
the steepest part of the curve is the fastest and the flattest part the slowest (so speeding up is flat at the start, steep at the end and slowing down is steep at the start, flat at the end)
36
What is force?
A push or pull (can transfer energy from one object to another or concert from one form to another)
37
What are the units for the force formula?
Force- Newtons (N) mass- Kilograms (kg) acceleration- miles per second squared (m/s^2)
38
Is force vector or scalar?
The direction of force matters in motion transfer or energy conversion- so it is vector
39
What is mass?
Amount of matter that makes up an object measured in kg (scalar); is the same everywhere
40
What is weight?
Force exerted on an object by gravity measured in N (vector) and dependent on gravity
41
How do force vs. displacement graphs work?
calculate the area under the graph and it gives you the work.
42
What is net force?
sum of all forces acting upon an object
43
What is the effect of mass ?
objects with a greater mass has a more difficult time overcoming opposing forces; heavier objects experience decceleration/decrease rate of acceleration when a force is applied
44
What is Newton's First Law of Motion?
In the abscence of a net force, an object in motion will maintain its velocity and an object at rest will remain at rest
45
What is Newton's Second Law of Motion?
An object will accelerate in the direction of the net force acting upon it. The object's rate of acceleration is inversely related to its mass
46
What is work?
transfer of energy from one object to another or conversion of energy from one form to another
47
What is energy?
The ability to do work
48
What is the criteria for work to be done?
1) Object must move some distance 2) a force must be applied 3) the direction of movement must be the same direction as the applied force
49
What are the three different types of energy
Kinetic Energy- energy due to motion Potential Energy- energy stored in an object due to state or position Mechanical Energy- sum of an object's energy (kinetic+potential)
50
Types of kinetic energy?
electrical- energy created by moving electrons thermal- heat created by moving electrons light- light travels in waves sound- sound travels in waves
51
Types of Potential Energy?
chemical- energy stored in bonds of compounds released in a reaction elastic- energy stored in an object that is stretched or squished nuclear- energy released in nuclear fission/fusion gravitational- energy stored in an object because of its position above ground
52
What is the First Law of Thermodynamics?
energy cannot be created nor destroyed, only converted from one form to another
53
What is the Second Law od Thermodynamics?
no energy is 100% efficient; some energy is always lost as heat when converting from one form to another
54
What is efficiency?
measurement of how much energy input a machine converts into useful energy output
55
What is a perfect machine?
Imaginary machine that would convert 100% of input energy into desired output. Also called a perpetual motion machine
56
What type of energy is fossil fuels?
fuels made of dead matter
57
WHat type of energy is hydroelectric?
uses water to create electricity
58
What type of energy is solar?
radiant energy from the sun is converted into electricity
59
What type of energy is wind?
kinetic energy of wind used to spin turbines and creates electricity
60
What type of energy is geothermal?
heat from inside Earth is used to heat water into steam to spin turbines
61
What type of energy is tidal?
Moving water from tides used to spin turbines and create electricity
62
what type of energy is nuclear?
Disintegrates uranium (nuclear fission) to create heat to turn a turbine
63
What is solar energy?
derived directly or indirectly from the sunW
64

Science 10 Biology (2 decks)

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