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DAS Physics Unit 2 Pre exam day > Physics > Flashcards

Physics Flashcards

(94 cards)

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1
Q

My Very Easy Method Just Speeds Up Naming

A

Mercury Venus Earth Mars [rocky planets] Jupiter Saturn Uranus neptune [Gas planets]

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2
Q

What are asteroids

A

Lumps of space rock up to 1000km in diamater
Located in asteroid belt between mars and jupiter

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3
Q

What are comets

A

Similar size to asteroids
Made of dust and ice
Orbits sun in ellipitical orbit

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4
Q

What are natural satellites

A

natural object which has been placed in position naturaly

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5
Q

examples of natural satellites

A

Moon [orbits planet]
Planet [orbits sun]
Comet [orbits sun]
Asteroid [orbits sun]

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6
Q

What are artificial satellites

A

Satellite which is put into orbit by humans

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7
Q

uses of artificial satellites

A

Communication
Astronomy
Weather forecasting
Observation of earth

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8
Q

Formation of stars

A

Nebula (large coloud of hydrogen gas and dust) gets pulled together by force of gravity. This causes density and temperature to increase causing nuclear fusion to begin which forms helium

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9
Q

What is star stability

A

Outward radiation pressure from fusion reactions is balanced by inward gravitational force

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10
Q

life cycle of a star similar to sun

A

Protostar - Main sequence star - Red Giant - White Dwarf - Black Dwarf

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11
Q

Life cycle of star larger than sun

A

Protostar - Main sequence star - Red Supergiant - Supernova - Black hole or neutron star

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12
Q

Supernova brightness

A

Shines with brightness of 10 billion suns

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13
Q

What does gravity provide to help keep planets in orbit

A

Centripetal force

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14
Q

Big ban and evolution of universe

A
  1. rapid expansion and cooling
  2. formation of neutrons and protons
    3.further expansion and cooling allows nuclei to form
  3. template drops and electrons combine with protons to form atoms of hydrogen
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15
Q

When did the Big Bang occur

A

14 billion years ago from a tiny point known as singularity

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16
Q

Red shift

A

light from stars in distant galaxies is shifted towards red end of spectrum

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17
Q

What does red shift proof

A

Galaxies are all moving away from us
Universe is expanding
Prooving big bang theory

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18
Q

What is cosmic microwave background radiation

A

Left over energy from the early stages of the development of the universe from big bang
can be detected anywhere in universe

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19
Q

What are waves

A

Waves transfer energy from one point to another through vibrations

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20
Q

Whats a transverse wave

A

Particles of medium vibrate at 90 degrees to the direction of wave travel (energy flow)

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21
Q

Examples of transverse waves

A

All EM waves, water waves

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22
Q

Whats a longitudinal wave

A

Particles of the medium vibrate parallel to the direction of wave travel (energy flow)

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23
Q

Example sof longitudinal waves

A

Sound and ultrasound waves

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24
Q

Whats ultrasound waves

A

(sound waves with frequency higher than 20,000 Hz)

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25
What is amplitude
Maximum displacement of wave from its undisturbed position
26
What is wavelength
Distance between a point on wave and the next point which in same state of vibration
27
What is frequency
Number of waves produced in 1 second (Hz)
28
What do displacement - distance wave graphs give information about
Amplitude Wave length
29
What do displacement- time wave graphs give information about
amplitutde Frequency can be calculated using formula
30
Red Martians Invaded Venus Using X-ray Guns
Radiowaves Microwaves Infared Visiblelight Ultraviolet X-rays Gamma
31
What is the electromagnetic spectrum
All transverse waves All travel at the same speed in a vacuum
32
Uses for radiowaves
Communication radio entertainment
33
Dangers of radiowaves
Large doses believed to cause cancer
34
Uses of microwaves
Heat food Communication (satelites)
35
Dangers of microwaves
Internal heating of body tissues and burns, heat then released cna damage or kill healthy cells
36
Uses of Infared
Infared cameras Cooking in toasters and grills Remote controls for TV Optical fibres for communication
37
Dangers of infared
Burns Sunburn Cell absorb too much heating will damage or kill cells
38
Uses of visibile light
Seeing objects Used in optical fibres
39
Dangers of visible light
Can damage retina at back of eye
40
uses of ultraviolet
Security coding of equipment Sunbeds
41
Dangers of ultraviolet
Can cause skin cancer by ionising cells under skin surface
42
x-rays uses
looking at bones in body
43
Dangers of x-rays
Can cause cancer if absorbed by cells due to ionisation
44
Uses of gamma
Kill cancer cells Kill bacteria in food Sterilise surgical equipment
45
Dangers of gamma
Can cause cancer by damaging healthy cells if it is absorbed
46
What must all angles be measure to
Measured from the normal
47
What is the normal
Dashed line at 90 degrees to surface or boundary
48
Properties of an image in a plane mirror
Virtual (cannot be produced on screen) Same size as object Laterally inverted (left + right swapped) Same distance behind mirror as object it is in front of it
49
What is Sonar
Sound navigation and ranging
50
What is sonar used for
Ultrasound to measure short distances in air and water
51
what is radar
Radio detection and ranging
52
What is radar used for
Electromagnetic waves used to measure large distances in air only.
53
what is refraction
Bending of light as it passes from one material into another. happens due to change of speed
54
Refraction practical
Trace around glass block draw normal Measure angles of incidence using protractor Shine ray of light along each angle of incidence Mark where ray leaves block Remove block and join where ray entered and left block Measure angle of refraction repeat for 5 different angles of incidence
55
Conclusion of refraction practical
As all points lie on trend line there is a relationship between angle of incidence and angle of refraction Not proportional (graph isn't straight line)
56
FAST acryonym for speed of light
Faster Away (from normal) Slower Towards (normal)
57
What speeds up and bends away from normal
Glass to air water to air Glass to water
58
What slows down and bends towards normal
Air to water Air to glass water to glass
59
What is dispersion
Splitting up of white light into its consitutent colours to produce a spectrum
60
What light is refracted the least
Red Travels fastest in glass so it slows down the least. Longest wavelength
61
Which light is refracted the most
Violet refracted most because its slowest in glass so it slows down most. Has shortest wave length
62
What are the 2 types of lenses
Convex lens (converging lens) Concave lens (Diverging lens)
63
What is the convex lens
Bends outwards
64
What is the concave lens
Bends inwards
65
What is the focal length
distance from optical centre of lens to the focal point
66
What is the experiment to find the focal length of a convex lens
Place convex lens between distant object and screen Move lens away from screen until focussed image of distant object appears on screen Focal length will be the distance between lens and screen Repeat twice more and average results to get reliable value for focal length
67
What is a real image
can be produced on a screen Formed on the opposite side of the lens to the object Formed when the rays actually cross over.
68
What is a virtual image
Cannot be produced on a screen Formed on the same side of lens as object Formed when the rays appear cross over.
69
Ray diagrams remember
All rays of light must have arrows Remember to draw the image Look at notes for them
70
What are conductors
Material (usually metal) which allows electricity to pass through it easily Contains free electrons
71
What are insulators
material which doesn't allow electricity to pass through it easily Doesn't contain free electrons
72
What is electron flow
Electrons flow from negative terminal of the batery to the positive terminal of battery
73
What is conventional current
Current flows from positive terminal of the battery to the negative terminal of the battery
74
what is the ammeter
Used to measure current in ampsW
75
What is the voltmeter
Used to measure voltage in volts
76
What is resistance
Opposition to the flow of current
77
Factor affecting resistance - Length Of Wire
REsistance is directly proportional to length
78
Factor affecting resistance - Cross-sectional area
REsistance is inversely proportional to area
79
Factor affecting resistance - Material
Conductors have low resistance Insulators have high resistance
80
Factor affecting resistance - Temperature
As Temp increases, Resistance increases due to particles vibrating more resulting in more collisions between electrons and metal ions
81
What is ohms law
Voltage across resistor is directly proportional to the current flowing through it, provided the temperature remains constant
82
current and heating
Current flows electrons in the current colide with atoms in the wire this causes heating more current = more collisions = more heating
83
What is alternating current (AC)
Current canges size and direction in a regular repetitive way
84
Alternating current (AC) uses
Mains supply or AC generator
85
What is direct current (DC)
Current which flows in same direction. Current flows from positive terminal to negative terminal
86
Direct Current (DC) uses
Cell or Battery
87
Brown wire function and name
Live wire carries the alternating potential difference
88
Blue wire function and name
Neutral wire Completes the circuit
89
Green and yellow stripes write function and name
Earth Wire Safety wire to stop appliance becoming live
90
method for shape of magnetic field
Bar magnet placed on sheet of paper Starting with compass near one end of margnet, needle position is marked using a pencil with 2 dots Compass moved so that the needle lines up with previous dot Another dot is added and so onj When dots are joined up result is a magnetic field line More lines can be drawn by starting with the compass in different positionsl
91
Rules for magnetic field lines
Go from north to south never touch or cross Are closest aroun the poles of the magnet (where the magnetic field is the strongest)
92
Current in a coil of wire
When current flows through a coil of wire produces same shape of magnetic field as bar magnet
93
How to determine which end is north and which is south in current in a coil of wire
If current flows clockwise it is north If current flows anticlockwise it is south
94
Factors affecting trength of electromagnet
Size of current (increased current increased magnetic) Number of coils (more coils more magnetic) Materials used for coils (iron core strongest electromagnet)

DAS Physics Unit 2 Pre exam day (3 decks)

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