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MCAT Facts > Physics > Flashcards

Physics Flashcards

(67 cards)

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1
Q

Big Five Equation, missing a

A

d = .5(vo + v)t

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2
Q

Big Five Equation, missing d

A

v = vo + at

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3
Q

Big Five Equation, missing v

A

d = vo*t + .5at^2

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4
Q

Big Five Equation, vo

A

d = vt - .5at^2

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5
Q

Big Five Equation, missing t

A

v^2 = vo^2 + 2ad

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6
Q

Free fall equation with vo = 0

A

t = sqrt(2*d/g)

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7
Q

Newton’s First Law

A

no net force = no acceleration

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8
Q

What is the quantitative measure of inertia?

A

Mass, measured in kg

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9
Q

Newton’s Second Law

A

Fnet = ma

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10
Q

Units of Force

A

F = kg*m/s^2 = Newton

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11
Q

Newton’s Third Law

A

Fab = -Fba

Action and reaction forces are the same, the EFFECTS are NOT

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12
Q

Weight

A

w = m*g

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13
Q

Newton’s Law of Gravitation

A

Fgrav = GMm / r^2

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14
Q

With a book sitting on a table, does the normal force and gravitational force form an action-reaction pair?

A

These forces are equal and opposite, but do NOT because they act on the SAME object.

The reaction force to F(Earth on book) which is the weight is F(Book on earth)

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15
Q

Force of Kinetic Friction

A

Ff = uk * FN, direction is always parallel to the surface and in the opposite direction to the object’s velocity

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16
Q

Which is greater, kinetic or static friction?

A

ALWAYS STATIC

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17
Q

Inclined plane, force of gravity acting parallel

A

mg*sin(x)

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18
Q

Inclined plane, normal force

A

mg*cos(x)

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19
Q

Pulleys shortcut

A

Just divide the force by how many components, so 6 upward forces means F/6

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20
Q

Uniform circular motion

A

Speed is constant

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21
Q

Magnitude of centripetal acceleration

A

a = v^2/r

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22
Q

Magnitude of centripetal force

A

F = mv^2/r

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23
Q

torque

A

torque = rFsin(x), N*m

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24
Q

Power

A

P = work/time, Watts

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25
Kinetic Energy
KE = 1/2 * m * v^2
26
Work Energy Theorem
Wtotal = change in KE
27
PE, gravitational
mgh = -Work done by gravity
28
Total Mechanical Energy
E = KE + PE
29
Conservation of total mechanical energy with outside forces
KEi + PEi + W(by F) = KEf + PEf
30
Mechanical Advantage
MA = resistance force/effort force = Fresistance/Feffort With a ramp, the effort force will be SMALLER so that way MA is > 1 and we get an advantage from the system
31
Efficiency
E = W, output/Energy, input, less than 100% unless an ideal machine
32
Momentum
p = m*v, kg*m/s Law of Conservation of Momentum, if an astronaut throws a tool m(astronaut)v'(astronaut) + m(tool)v'(tool) = 0
33
Collisions and Momentum
Using conservation of momentum: m1v1 + m2v2 = m1v1' + m2v2'
34
Types of Collisions
Elastic: total momentum and KE conserved Inelastic: Total momentum conserved, but not KE Perfectly Inelastic: objects stick together afterwards
35
Conduction & Convection
Conduction is through touch, convection is through a liquid
36
First Law of Thermodynamics
E = Q - W
37
Specific Gravity
sg = density / density of water
38
Gauge pressure
Pgauge = density(fluid) * g * Depth
39
Total pressure
Ptotal = P(at surface) + P(gauge)
40
Buoyancy Force
F = density(fluid) * V(submerged) * g Vsub / V = density (object) / density (fluid) weight (object) / F (buoyancy) = density (object) / density (fluid) *** so if density (object) < density (fluid) then the object will float and the fraction of its volume that's submerged is the same as the ratio of its density to the fluid's density
41
Pascal's Law
F1/A1 = F2/A2 A1*d1 = A2*d2 or F2 * d2 = F1 * d1
42
Bernoulli's Equation
P1 + .5*p*v1^2 + pgy1 = P2 + .5pv2^2 + pgy2, p = density
43
Efflux Speed, so if you punch a hole in a swimming pool
v = sqrt(2 * g * D) D is the distance from the surface of the liquid down to the hole
44
If the speed increases what happens to the pressure in a liquid?
The pressure decreases (Venturi or Bernoulli effect)
45
Coulomb's Law
F = k * q1 * q2 / r^2 k = 9 * 10^9
46
Electric Field by a source charge
E = k * Q / r^2, N/C
47
Force on q by an electric field
F = q * E
48
If an object moves "with nature" ( in direction gravity points), what happens to the PE?
PE decreases In contrast if an object moves against nature, then PE increases
49
Electric Potential
Phi = k * Q/r , J/C = V Scalar quantity so same at every point distance r from Q, Assumes that the potential decreases to 0 as we move far away from the source charge Change in electrical potential energy: delta PE = q * delta phi = q * V
50
Work done by an electrical field
W = - delta PE
51
Charge on capacitor
Q = C * V
52
Power (circuit)
P = I^2 * R = I * V Make sure to use R or V corresponding to single resistor if calculating the resistance dissipated by a single resistor
53
Electric Field Between 2 Plates
V = E * d
54
Potential Energy Stored in a Capacitor
PE = .5 * Q * V
55
Force of Magnetic Field Felt by a Moving Charge
Fb = q(v X B) Fb is always perpendicular to both v and B
56
Lorentz Force
Total electromagnetic force = electric force + magnetic force = Fe + Fb = q*E + q(v x B)
57
Hooke's Law and PE For Springs
F = - k * x (restoring force) PE = .5k * x^2 Wby spring = - change in PE W against spring = PE elastic
58
Max speed of spring
vmax = A * sqrt(k / m) Just derived from PE elastic = KE max, using A for x in PE
59
frequency of spring in SHM
f = 1/2*pi * sqrt(k/m) So the frequency is only dependent on spring constant, k and mass of the block, m
60
frequency of a pendulum
F = 1/2pi * sqrt(g/l) So the MASS does not affect the frequency or period use mgh = .5 mvmax^2
61
Two Big Rules of Waves
1) Speed of a wave is determined by the type of wave and the characteristics of the medium, not by the frequency 2) When a wave passes into another medium, its speed changes, but its frequency does not
62
Sound travels fastest through
SOLIDS gas < liquids < solids
63
Fbeat
Fbeat = f1 - f2
64
Intensity
Energy per second (Power) / unit area W/m^2 intensity varies as 1 /r^2 for a point source
65
Mirror Equations
f = 1/2 r 1/o + 1/i = 1/f
66
Energy of a Photon Emitted or Absorbed by a Hydrogen Atom
hf = delta E = 13.6(1/n^2 final - 1/n^2 initial)
67
KE of a Photoelectorn
KE = h*f - work function

MCAT Facts (5 decks)

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