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Physics and Math Flashcards

1
Q

Dot Product

A

gives the scalar resultant of vector multiplication

A*B = |A||B|cos(theta)

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2
Q

Cross Product

A

gives the vector resultant of vector multiplication

A X B = |A||B|sin(theta)

use right-hand rule to determine direction (face of palm is the resulting vector)

not the resultant vector is PERPENDICULAR to the plane created by vector A and B

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3
Q

How to differentiate a vector going into or out of the page?

A

Into the page: a circle with an X in the middle
Out of the page: a circle with a dot in the middle

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4
Q

The SI unit for force?

A

Newton (kg.m/s^2)

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5
Q

The magnitude of the gravitational force between two objects is …

A

Fg = Gm1m2/r^2

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6
Q

Kinetic Friction equation

A

coefficient of kinetic friction * N

N = normal force

note: the coefficient of static friction is ALWAYS larger than the coefficient of kinetic friction

unitless

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7
Q

Newton’s First Law

A

Fnet = ma = 0

an object will stay at rest unless a force is acted upon it

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8
Q

Newton’s Second Law

A

Fnet = ma

an object will move when a non zero force is acted upon it

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9
Q

Newton’s Third Law

A

Fab = -Fba

opposite and equal reaction

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10
Q

What are the four kinematic equations of linear motion?

A

v = v0 +at
x = v0t + 0.5at^2
v^2 = v0^2 + 2ax
x = vt

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11
Q

Circular motion equation

A

Fc = mv^2/r

Fc = centripetal force
m = mass
v = speed
r = radius

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12
Q

Torque Equation

A

torque = r x F = rFsin(theta)

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13
Q

Unit of energy?

A

Joule (J)

kg * m^2 / s^2

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14
Q

Equation for kinetic and potential energy.

A

K = 1/5mv^2
U = mgh

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15
Q

Elastic potential energy equation.

A

U = 1/2kx^2

k = spring constant

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16
Q

Conservative forces

A

those that are path independent and do not dissipate energy

GRAVITATIONALA ND ELECTROSTATIC FORCES

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17
Q

The conservation of mechanical energy can be expressed as…

A

deltaE = deltaU + deltaK = 0

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18
Q

Define Work and give the equation

A

the process by which energy is transferred from one system to another

W = F*d = Fdcos(theta)

Joule (J)

theta is the angle between the force vector and displacement vector

NOT A FORM OF ENERGY ITSELF

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19
Q

Positive work vs negative work?

A

+W = work done BY a system
-W = work done ON a system

e.g. gas expanding is +W (work was done by the gas)

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20
Q

Does an isovolumetric/isochoric process have negative or positive work?

A

NEITHER

no volume change means no work done

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21
Q

What is the formula for work in a isobaric process?

A

W = PdeltaV

isobaric = pressure remains constant

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22
Q

Definition and formula for power.

A

Power refers to the rate at which energy is transferred from one system to another

i.e. how fast is the work being done

P = W/t = deltaE/t

work over time … change in energy over time

Watt (W)

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23
Q

Work-energy theorem in respect to kinetic energy.

A

Wnet = deltaK

work is the equal to the change in kinetic energy

24
Q

Mechanical advantage vs mechanical efficiency equation

A

Mechanical advantage = Fout/Fin

Efficiency = Wout/Win

25
Mechanical Advantage in terms of the work being done?
Work done by the machine is THE SAME to do the task without it BUT, by changing the distance over which the force is applied, then we change the magnitude of the input force required
26
SI base units for force?
kg * m / s^2 NEWTON
27
What is the temperature of the human body in Fahrenheit and Celsius, respectively?
98.6 and 37
28
Conversion of Fahrenheit to Celsius?
F = (9/5)C + 32
29
Thermal Expansion equation
deltaL = alpha *L*deltaT deltaL = change in length alpha = coefficient of linear expansion L = original length deltaT = change in temperature
30
Isolated System
not capable of exchanging energy or matter with their surroundings total change in internal energy is ZERO
31
Closed System
capable of exchanging energy, but not matter, with the environment i.e. movable piston MOST OF TEST DAY
32
Open System
can exchange both matter and energy with the surroundings
33
State Function
thermodynamic properties that are a function of only the current equilibrium state of the system independent of path
34
Process Functions
thermodynamic properties that are dependent on the path taken to get from one state to another i.e. work and heat
35
What is the equation for the First Law of Thermodynamics
deltaU = Q - W the change in total internal energy of a system is equal to the amount of energy transferred in the form of heat TO the system, minus the amount of energy transferred FROM the system in the form of work heat in minus work out
36
What is the SI unit for heat? What is the alternative? Give the conversions.
SI unit is the Joule (J) or 1 Calorie = 10^3 (1000) calories 1 cal is the amount of heat required to raise 1 g of water one degree Celsius
37
Define specific heat and give the equation.
q = m*c*deltaT q = heat gained or lost m = mass c = specific heat of a substance deltaT = change in temperature NOTE: then going through a phase change, this becomes q = mL L = heat of transformation / latent heat specific heat (c) -- the amount of heat energy required to raise one gram of a substance by one degree Celsius or Kelvin the specific heat of water is 1 cal/g*K
38
When would the specific heat of a system drastically change?
When going through a phase change!!! heat added or removed from the system does NOT result in a change in temperature
39
First Law of Thermodynamics when the system is: 1. Isothermal 2. Adiabatic 3. Isovolumetric
1. deltaU = 0; Q = W 2. Q=0; delta U = -W 3. W=0; deltaU = Q
40
Equation for the change in entropy?
deltaS = Qrev / T Qrev = heat gained or loss in a reversible process SI Unit of entropy (S) = J / mol * K
41
The Second Law of Thermodynamics
deltaS_universe = deltaS_system + deltaS_surroundings > 0 the energy in a closed system will spontaneously spread out and entropy will increase if it is not hindered from doing so
42
Formula for density
p (density) = m/V
43
SI units for density
kg/m3/ , g/mL , g/cm3/
44
Density of Water
1 g/cm3 OR 1000 kg/m3
45
What is the weight of a fluid?
Fg = p*V*g p (rho) = density
46
What is the formula and SI unit for pressure?
P = F / A ... force over area SI = Pascal (Pa) or N/m2
47
What is the hydrostatic pressure? I.e. what is the pressure exerted on a submerged object?
P = P0 + p*g*z P0 = ambient pressure (on the surface) z = depth of the object p = density
48
What is gauge pressure?
difference between the hydrostatic pressure inside a closed container and the atmospheric pressure outside Pgauge = P - Patm
49
Equation for buoyant force?
FB = pair*g*V pair = density of air g = acceleration due to gravity V = volume
50
Real vs Virtual Images Lens physics
CONVEX lenses form REAL images CONCAVE lenses form virtual images
51
What is the equation for the radius of curvature of a lens?
R = 2f f = focal length of the lens
52
What is the equation for equilibrium partial pressure of a reaction?
Kp = Pproductsm / Preactantsn
53
Concave vs Convex Lens
Concave bends DIVERGING light (bends light OUTWARD) Convex bends light IN
54
Nearsightedness? also called what?
called MYOPIA light bends too much! image formed in FRONT of retina
55
Strength of a lens equation?
S = 1/o + 1/i S = strenght of lens (Diopter // D) o = object distance from lens i = image distance from lens
56
Single split diffraction pattern equation?
sin(theta) = m*lambda / alpha theta = angle of dark bands lambda = wavelength of the light alpha = width of the slit m = integer
57
What is the gas constant?
R = 0.082 L * atm / K * mol

MCAT (6 decks)

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