Physics AOS1

Question 1

Define energy

Answer 1

A quantity describing the ability to cause a change (scalar)

Question 2

Define internal energy

Answer 2

Total energy associated with the random motion of particles and the interactions between the particles within a system (consists of various types of kinetic and potential energy)

Question 3

Define kinetic energy

Answer 3

the energy associated with the motion of an object

Question 4

Define a particle

Answer 4

a small, discrete object

Question 5

Define potential energy

Answer 5

the energy associated with the position of an object in the presence of a force that could move the object

Question 6

Define state of matter

Answer 6

the physical property of an object being either a solid, liquid, or a gas

Question 7

Define a system

Answer 7

a collection of interacting particles or objects

Question 8

Define temperature

Answer 8

a measure of the average translational kinetic energy of the particles
in a system (scalar)

Question 9

Describe thermal energy

Answer 9

the kinetic energy associated with the movement of microscopic particles

Question 10

Define thermal equilibrium

Answer 10

the state of two (or more) systems having the same temperature so that there is no net flow of thermal energy from one system to the other

Question 11

Formula for converting K - C

Answer 11

T​K=T​°C​​​ + 273.15

Question 12

freezing and boiling point of water

Answer 12

0°C and 100°C

Question 13

What is equal to absolute zero (0K) in °C

Answer 13

-273.15°C

Question 14

What does the kinetic theory of matter state

Answer 14

all matter consists of particles
(molecules or individual atoms) that are constantly moving in a random and disordered way

Question 15

Define convection

Answer 15

the transfer of heat through the bulk movement of matter

Question 16

Define convection cell

Answer 16

a cyclical flow of fluid caused by differences in temperature and hence fluid densities

Question 17

Define density

Answer 17

mass per unit volume; a measure of how closely packed matter is

Question 18

Define fluid

Answer 18

a substance that flows; a liquid or gas

Question 19

Define heat

Answer 19

energy that flows between systems due to a difference in temperaturee

Question 20

Define a medium

Answer 20

a physical substance through which energy (e.g. heat or sound) travels

Question 21

Define thermal conduction

Answer 21

the transfer of heat through direct contact

Question 22

Define thermal contact

Answer 22

two systems are in thermal contact if heat can transfer between them

Question 23

Define thermal radiation

Answer 23

the transfer of heat in the form of electromagnetic radiation

Question 24

Define a vacuum

Answer 24

a region that does not contain matter

Question 25

Heat flow rate of conduction formula

Answer 25

Q/t∝ΔT

Question 26

How is heat transferred through conduction?

Answer 26

They must be in physical contact and at different temperatures

Question 27

How is heat transferred through convection?

Answer 27

Convection can only occur in fluids (substances that flow) and can be natural or forced

Question 28

How is heat transferred through thermal radiation?

Answer 28

Transmission (occurs through an object), Reflection (radiation bounces off object and continues to travel in a different direction), Absorption (End of journey - completing heat transfer) (ultimately depends on the material of the object)

Question 29

Does thermal radiation require a medium to transfer heat?

Answer 29

No

Question 30

Is colder or hotter fluid denser? Explain what happens to the fluid.

Answer 30

For a given fluid, colder fluid is denser than hotter fluid, so colder fluid sinks and hotter fluid rises.