physics ch. 1,2&3

Question 1

who discovered x-ray?

Answer 1

Dr. Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen

Question 2

when was x ray discovered? where?

Answer 2

nov. 8, 1895 ;Germany

Question 3

how was x ray discovered?

Answer 3

Crookes tube covered with black paper testing light. which created a glow on a barium platinocyanide plate.

Question 4

how fast does an x ray travel?

Answer 4

speed of light

Question 5

how fast do electrons travel?

Answer 5

depends on kVp

Question 6

what is the Crookes tube? when was is discovered?

Answer 6

gas-filled tube and was created in 1895

Question 7

what is the Coolidge tube and when was it discovered?

Answer 7

vacuum tube with cathode (linked to the snook making high kVp possible) 1913

Question 8

who created the stationary grid? when?

Answer 8

Gustav Bucky (German) 1913

Question 9

who created the reciprocating grid? when?

Answer 9

Potter; 1921

Question 10

what was the first X-ray ever taken

Answer 10

hand X-ray of Mrs. Berta Roentgen

Question 11

when&what was the first X-ray taken in the US?

Answer 11

young boy’s broke wrist; in New Hampshire, 1896

Question 12

What makes up matter?

Answer 12

Atoms and molecules

Question 13

Atom

Answer 13

Neils Bohr (1918) = protons and neutrons held together in the nucleus surrounded by electrons

Question 14

Molecules

Answer 14

two or more atoms held together chemically

Question 15

how can you find the # of protons in an Atom ?

Answer 15

the Z# (atomic #)

Question 16

how many electrons can the outer most shell have?

Answer 16

8 electrons

Question 17

how can you find the number of electrons in each shell?

Answer 17

2N^2

Question 18

Be

Answer 18

Beryllium

Question 19

C

Answer 19

Carbon

Question 20

O

Answer 20

Oxygen

Question 21

Ca

Answer 21

Calcium

Question 22

Fe

Answer 22

Iron

Question 23

Al

Answer 23

Aluminium

Question 24

Si

Answer 24

silicon

Question 25

Ni

Answer 25

Nickel

Question 26

Cu

Answer 26

copper

Question 27

Mo

Answer 27

Molybdenum

Question 28

Ru

Answer 28

Ruthenium

Question 29

Rh

Answer 29

Rhodium

Question 30

Ag

Answer 30

silver

Question 31

Sn

Answer 31

Tin

Question 32

I

Answer 32

Iodine

Question 33

Ba

Answer 33

Barium

Question 34

W

Answer 34

Tungsten

Question 35

Re

Answer 35

Rhenium

Question 36

Au

Answer 36

Gold

Question 37

Pb

Answer 37

Lead

Question 38

U

Answer 38

Uranium

Question 39

Binding Energy

Answer 39

Strength of electrons attachment to the nucleus. closer to the nucleus= greater binding energy

Question 40

potential Energy

Answer 40

stored energy by virtue of position. the further from the nucleus the greater potential energy

Question 41

kinetic energy is?

Answer 41

energy in motion; energy expanded

Question 42

thermal energy

Answer 42

Heat

Question 43

Electromagnetic energy

Answer 43

X-ray converts kinetic energy into electromagnetic energy in the form of X-ray

Question 44

E=mc^2

Answer 44

energy= mass X the speed of light^2

Question 45

what is the speed of light

Answer 45

186,000 MILES PER SEC. 3x10^8 m/sec 3x10^10 cm/sec

Question 46

newtons first law of motion

Answer 46

body at rest will remain at restore will continue to move in a straight line unless it is disturbed

Question 47

newtons Second law of motion

Answer 47

Force= Mass X Acceleration

Question 48

do electrons move in a straight line?

Answer 48

No

Question 49

what is the formula for electrons according do newtons second law of motion?

Answer 49

F=mV^2/r

Question 50

what is ionization

Answer 50

Ionization is when an orbiting electron is removed from orbit creating an ion pair (+ charged atom & a - charged free electron

Question 51

types of ionizing radiation

Answer 51

particulate radiation and Electromagnetic Radiation

Question 52

Particulate radiation create what?

Answer 52

Alpha and Beta particles

Question 53

Electromagnetic radiation create what ?

Answer 53

Gamma rays and X-rays

Question 54

what are Alpha particles

Answer 54

2 Protons and 2 neutrons (+), large so they can not penetrate very far

Question 55

what sub-atomic particle has the highest LET?

Answer 55

Alpha

Question 56

What sub-atomic particle has the highest penetration ?

Answer 56

Beta

Question 57

whats the minimum protection for Alpha particles?

Answer 57

Paper

Question 58

whats the minimum protection for a Beta particle?

Answer 58

aluminum , wood 1Cm thick or 1 mm thick lead

Question 59

what is the diff. between X-ray and Gamma ray?

Answer 59

their origin

Question 60

X- ray origin?

Answer 60

inner shell electron interaction

Question 61

Gamma ray origin?

Answer 61

nucleus interaction

Question 62

what is the minimum effective dose for a student?

Answer 62

1 mSv annually (.1 rem)

Question 63

what is the relationship between wavelength and frequency?

Answer 63

Inverse

Question 64

what is the wavelength formula

Answer 64

Velocity= frequency X wavelength

Question 65

Velocity

Answer 65

V= d/t ; m/s

Question 66

Force

Answer 66

F=ma ; N

Question 67

Work

Answer 67

Work= Fd ;J

Question 68

Power

Answer 68

P=work/t ;W

Question 69

what is a (R)

Answer 69

roentgen; coulomb/kilogram (C/kg)

Question 70

what is (rad)

Answer 70

radiation absorbed dose; gray (Gy)

Question 71

what is a (rem)

Answer 71

Radiation equivalent man sievert (Sv)

Question 72

what is a (ci)

Answer 72

Curie; Becquerel (Bq)

Question 73

what is the Gy used for?

Answer 73

used to quantify the biologic effects of radiation on humans and animals

Question 74

what is the Sv used for?

Answer 74

used to quantify occupational exposure; effective dose; biological effectiveness dose

Question 75

the curie/Becquerel is used for?

Answer 75

used to quantify Radioactivity; quantity of radioactive material not its effects on radiation being emitted

Question 76

1 rem is_____mSv

Answer 76

10mSv

Question 77

100 mrem=_____mSv

Answer 77

1 mSv

Question 78

Radiolucent

Answer 78

radiation can penetrate through it (soft tissue)

Question 79

Radiopaque

Answer 79

radiation gets absorbed by it (bone)

Question 80

inverse square law

Answer 80

the intensity of the new distance will be the inverse of the distance squared (indirectly related and not proportional)

Question 81

what filter should be added when working with 50 kVp and below

Answer 81

1 mm Al/eq

Question 82

what filter should be added when working with 50-70 kVp

Answer 82

1.5 mm Al/eq

Question 83

what filter should be used when working with above 70 kVp

Answer 83

2.5 mm Al/eq

Question 84

what is the magnification formula

Answer 84

SID/SOD