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Physics Exam Review > Physics Exam Review > Flashcards

Physics Exam Review Flashcards

1
Q

What is the momentum equation?

A

P=mv

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2
Q

What are the units for momentum?

A

kgm/s

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3
Q

Define interaction

A

When two objects trade energy

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4
Q

What is the Law of Conservation of Momentum

A

In any interaction, the total momentum of the object involved is covered

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5
Q

Distinguish between elastic and inelastic collisions

A

Elastics: objects bounce perfectly apart without any damage and total kinetic energy
Inelastic: kinetic energy of objects moving is not conserved

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6
Q

Write Newton’s second law as we originally learned it

A

The acceleration of an object is proportional to the force acting on it

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7
Q

What 2 factors are the most important to know before deciding which conservation of momentum formula to use?

A

1) Look for the mass of both objects
2) Look for which one is moving

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8
Q

What are the 3 main parts of an atom and their charge?

A

proton (positive), neutron (neutral), electron (negative)

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9
Q

Can any of those 3 parts be broken down further? If so, into what?

A

protons can be broken down into quarks

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10
Q

What are homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures?

A

homogeneous is when you can’t see the other substances mixed together
heterogeneous is when you can see the different parts of the substances mixed together

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11
Q

What are the 3 types of atomic bonds? Give an example on how each works

A

Ionic bonds (react to non-metals)
Covalent bonds (sharing electrons)
Metallic bonds (bonds with metals)

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12
Q

Define volume

A

The amount of space a certain amount of matter takes up

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13
Q

What is the formula for density?

A

P=m/v

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14
Q

What are the different phases of matter?

A

solids, liquids, gasses, and plasmas

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15
Q

Define heat

A

Energy that changes the temperature of a substance’s molecules through thermal energy

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16
Q

How is temperature different from heat?

A

Temperature is a measurement of heat whereas heat is a form of energy

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17
Q

What are the 3 main temperature scales?

A

Fahrenheit
Celsius
Kelvin

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18
Q

Water freezes at what temperature in each of those 3 scales?

A

F: 32 degrees
C: 0 degrees
K: 273.15 degrees

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19
Q

What is the sigfig rule for temperature conversions?

A

When performing temp conversions state every answer with one decimal place

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20
Q

What are 2 ways an atom can poses energy?

A

Kinetic energy
Energy state of electrons

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21
Q

What is internal energy of a substance?

A

This is the sum of all the kinetic energy that is possessed by the atoms in the substance

22
Q

A rock is thrown. Does that added kinetic (and gravitational potential) energy change the internal energy of the rock?

A

No. When you throw it you give it some kinetic energy. You trade energy with the rock

23
Q

What are 2 ways the internal energy of a substance can be changed?

A

1) Substance is heated or cooled
2) Thermal Energy: energy a substance possess because it was heated

23
Q

What are 2 ways the internal energy of a substance can be changed?

A

1) Substance is heated or cooled
2) Thermal Energy: energy as substance possess because it was heated

24
Q

What are 2 ways the internal energy of a substance can be changed?

A

1) Substance is heated or cooled
2) Thermal Energy: energy as substance possess because it was heated

25
Q

On what scale can we find absolute zero?

A

Kelvin Scale

26
Q

Using correct technology, can we get a substance to absolute zero?

A

No, but we can get very close

27
Q

What happens to the substances that get very close to absolute zero?

A

As they get colder their kinetic energy slows, their particles slow down and they slow down

28
Q

What is the 2nd law of thermodynamics?

A

This states that a substance is at a different temp than its environment and heat flows from warmer to cooler

29
Q

Define thermal equilibrium

A

This is the state in which an object is at the same temperature as its environment

30
Q

What are the 3 ways heat is transferred? Give 1 example of each.

A

Conduction - taking heat to something
Convection - convection oven
Radiation - x-rays

31
Q

Using Kinetic theory of gases, explain what pressure is and how it can inflate a balloon.

A

When someone blows into a balloon the pressure of their air pushing against the walls of the balloon causing it to inflate

32
Q

What are the differences between heat capacity and thermal conductivity?

A

TC: Describes the ability of a material to conduct heat
HC: Tells how much energy is absorbed or released depending on the temperature difference and mass

33
Q

What is the formula for pressure?

A

P= f/a

34
Q

Who was the unit for pressure named after?

A

Blaise Pascal

35
Q

What is atmospheric pressure?

A

It is the weight of air molecules

36
Q

What is the difference between atmospheric pressure under the surface of a liquid and atmospheric pressure (gas)?

A

Air pressure is what you measure with a tire gauge. Atmospheric pressure is what you measure with a mercury barometer

37
Q

Explain why it is more difficult to breathe at a higher altitude.

A

In a gas, like the atmosphere, the weight of the air above a given altitude causes it to become denser. Air is less dense the higher you go.

38
Q

What is equivalent of the unit “atmosphere” (atm) in Pa and psi?

A

Atm= Pwater= 998kg/m^3= 0.998 g/cm^3

39
Q

Who invented the first barometer?

A

Evangelist Torricelli

40
Q

Explain how winds form.

A

Warm air above land expands and rises, and heavier, cooler air rushes in to take its place, creating wind

41
Q

What are the 3 ways energy is transferred within the troposphere?

A

Convection
Radiation
Conduction

42
Q

Air naturally flows from areas of ____________ to areas of ________

A

high pressure to low pressure

43
Q

What is the Coriolis Effect? What does it have to do with winds?

A

This deflects the direction of the wind to the right in the Northern hemisphere and to the left in the Southern hemisphere

44
Q

What is the formula for finding absolute pressure using gauge pressure?

A

Pabs= Pgauge + Patm

45
Q

Who came up with the principle of buoyancy?

A

Arichimedes

46
Q

What is the Principle of Buoyancy?

A

An object submerged in any fluid experiences a buoyant force equal to weight of fluid it displaces

47
Q

The buoyant force is equal to the weight of what?

A

to the fluid it displaces

48
Q

What is the equation for calculating the buoyant force?

A

Fw=mg and P=m/v

49
Q

Explain how a huge metal vessel can stay afloat.

A

Metal is denser than water, therefore air-filled buoyancy chambers are built into them. This makes the ship less dense than volume of water.

50
Q

Explain how a submarine is able to control its level in the water

A

The submarine has ballast tanks can be filled with water or filled with air. This helps them stay underwater and helps control their water level.

Physics Exam Review (3 decks)

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