physics finals year 10 Flashcards
(184 cards)
1
Q
list three forces
A
gravitational force, electromagnetic force, strong nuclear force
2
Q
what is gravitational force
A
it is a non contact force which is responsible for attractive interactions between masses.
3
Q
which law is related to gravitational force.
A
the force is governed by newtons law of gravitation.
4
Q
what does newtons law of gravitation suggest
A
it suggests that the mass of an object is directly proportional to the magnitude of the gravitational force.
5
Q
what is electromagnetic force
A
a non contact force which is responsible for the attractiveness between charged particles.
6
Q
what happens if same charge particles are in close proximity of each other
A
they will repel
7
Q
what happens if oppositely charged particles are in close proximity of each other
A
they will attract each other
8
Q
what is strong nuclear force
A
binds protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom
9
Q
what is the si unit of force
A
1 Newton (N)
10
Q
convert 1 Newton to kg/m^2
A
1 kg/m^2
11
Q
what are contact forces
A
forces that act between two masses who are physically interacting with each other
12
Q
what are non contact forces
A
those which act between two masses not physically interacting with one another.
13
Q
give 3 examples of contact forces
A
applied force, frictional force, normal force
14
Q
what is applied force
A
characterized by the exertion of force between bodies
15
Q
give an example of applied force
A
person pushing a box where the person exerts force onto the box
16
Q
what is frictional force
A
the resistive force which a surface exerts upon an object moving over the surface.
17
Q
give an example of frictional force
A
person pushing box over carpet.
18
Q
why is the frictional force exerted by a carpet more than the force exerted by the floor
A
it is because the particles in the carpet are larger than the ones on the floor so there will be more collisions between the particles of the box and the particles in the carpet
19
Q
what is normal force
A
supportive force exerted upon an object that is in contact with another stable object.
20
Q
give an example of normal force
A
force exerted by a table on a book resting on it to support the weight of the book.
21
Q
what is tension
A
the pulling force transmitted axially by means of a rope, string etc.
22
Q
what force can be described as the action reaction pair of forces acting at each end of said means.
A
tension
23
Q
what is air resistance
A
force caused by the collision between air particles and an object accelerating or falling down in air.
24
Q
give another name for drag
A
air resistance
25
give 3 examples of non contact forces
gravitational force
electromagnetic force
electrostatic force
26
differentiate between scalar and vectors
a scalar quantity only has magnitude
a vector quantity has both magnitude and direction
27
give two examples of scalar quantities
speed, energy
28
give 2 examples of vector quantities
acceleration, force
29
define weight
measure of the force of gravity acting upon an object or body.
30
define mass
measure of total matter in an object
31
what is the si unit of mass
Kg
32
what is acceleration due to gravity
the acceleration gained by an object due to gravitational force.
33
what is acceleration due to gravity measured in
m/s^2
34
what type of quantity is g
vector
35
what is the symbol of acceleration due to gravity
g
36
what is g on mars
3.71 m/s^2
37
what is g on earth
9.81 m/s^2
38
what is mechanical equilibrium
state of an object where the net force acting on the object is 0
39
what is the acceleration of objects in mechanical equilibrium
0
40
what do unbalanced forces cause
it causes resultant acceleration or deformation in an object
41
what is fulcrum
the point which provides a pivot or rotational axis to a mechanical system which is dependent on rotation.
42
give an example of a fulcum, why is it an example
a lever allows the beam to rotate
43
what is center of mass
the mean position of mass distributed within an object
44
what are the measuring tools of mass and weight
mass: weighing scale
weight: newtonmeter
45
what is the strongest force
strong nuclear force
46
what is the weakest force
gravitational force
47
what is the relationship between force, distance from the fulcrum and turning effect and why
the turning effect of a liver is directly proportional to the applied force and distance from the fulcrum because a greater distance and force allows for larger magnitudes of force to be distributed across the lever to the fulcrum.
48
what is moment of force
the resultant rotation of a force.
49
what is the unit of moment of force
Nm
50
state the formula for moment of force
M = Force x Distance
51
what does the arrowhead direction of a force arrow indicate
the vectors perpendicular direction
52
what does the angle of a force arrow indicate
vectors angular direction relative to compass direction
53
what does the length of a force arrow indicate
vectors magnitude
54
what is the unit for distance
meters
55
what is the unit of speed
meters per second
56
what is distance
a scalar quantity that refers to the amount of ground an object has covered during its motion.
57
what is displacement
a vector quantity which measures the objects overall change in position and the shortest distance from the point where it began its motion and the point at which it ended its motion.
58
what is the formula for speed
distance/time
59
what is average speed
total distance travelled by an object on a particular time interval
60
is avg speed scalar or vector
scalar
61
does displacement account for direction of travel
yes
62
is displacement vector or scalar
vector
63
what is the formula for acceleration
change in velocity/change in time
64
why is an object moving in a circle at a constant speed said to accelerate
the direction of velocity changes
65
what are the conditions for acceleration
when an object experiences a change in magnitude or direction of velocity vector
66
what is the unit for acceleration
m/s^2
67
what is speed
the time rate at which an object is moving along a path
68
is speed scalar or vector
scalar
69
what is velocity
rate and direction of an objects movement
70
is velocity vector or scalar
vector
71
what is acceleration
the rate at which velocity changes with time
72
is acceleration scalar or vector
vector
73
what does a sloping line on a displacement time graph indicate
movement of the object
74
what is the gradient of the line equal to in a displacement time graph
velocity of the object
75
what does a steeper line in a displacement time graph indicate
greater the gradient, faster the object is moving
76
list 4 dangers of excessive vehicle speeds
- greater potential for loss of vehicle control
- reduced effectiveness of driver protection equipment
- increased degree of crash severity leading to more severe injuries
77
list 4 safety features to reduce fatality rates in crashes
dont drink and drive
do not use mobile phone while driving a moving vehicle
ensure that eyes are on the road
ensure that seatbelt is fastened before driving
78
what is the symbol of displacement
Δx
79
what are the symbols of final position and initial position
xv0 refers to the value of the final position.
xvf refers to the value of the initial position.
80
what is the formula for displacement
Δx= xv0-xvf
81
what does a distance-time graph show
motion of a certain object in line-graph form
82
what is plotted on the x and y axes of a distance time graph
x : time
y: distance
83
what is the slope of a distance time graph
speed
84
what will a line in a distance time graph look like with no speed
horizontal straight line
85
what does a upward line in a distance time graph indicate
moving away at constant speed
86
what does a downward line in a distance time graph indicate
moving closer at constant speed
87
what does a steep line in a dt graph indicate
moving fast
88
what does a flatter line in a dt graph indicate
moving slow
89
what does a curving upward dt graph show in terms of acceleration
distance increases as time pass showing +acceleration
90
what does a curving downwards dt graph show in terms of acceleratrion
distance decreases as time passes showing - acceleration
91
what do upward and downward lines in a dt graph show
0 acceleration
92
what does an upward s-t graph show
+ acceleration
93
what does a flat s-t graph show
0 acceleration
94
what does the gradient of a st graph equal
acceleration
95
how can we find the displacement of an object through a vt graph if the line is straight and if the line is curvy
straight: use geometry to find the area of the graph
curly: count squares beneath the line.
96
what is the letter representing displacement
S
97
what letter represents initial velocity
U
98
what letter represents final velocity
V
99
what letter represents acceleration
A
100
what letter represents time
T
101
what is the si unit of time
seconds (s)
102
what is the formula for suvat s
S = (U+V/2)T, S = UT + 1/2 AT^2, S = VT - 1/2AT^2
103
when do suvat equations apply
motion in a given direction with CONSTANT ACCELERATION
104
state newtons first law of motion
Newton’s 1st law states that a body at rest or uniform motion will continue to be at rest or uniform motion until and unless a net external force acts on it.
105
what is inertia
the property of a body to resist a change in its state
106
what is the relationship between inertia and mass
inertia is directly proportional to mass.
107
what causes a moving object to stay in motion at the same velocity unless an external force acts on it
inertia
108
what is newtons 1st law also called
law of inertia
109
what is freefall
free fall is when gravity is the only force acting on an object
110
where is drag larger, liquids or gas
liquids
111
where does drag act
on objects moving through any fluid
112
state newtons second law of motion
it states that force is the product of the mass multiplied by the acceleration of an object.
113
what is the formula of force
f=ma
114
what is the relationship between f and m and a
force is proportional to m and a
115
what is momentum
momentum is mass multiplied by the velocity of an object
116
what is the si unit for momentum
kg m/s
117
in what direction does change in momentum take place
same direction of the force applied to the body
118
what does newtons third law state
when two bodies interact with one another, they apply forces that are in opposite directions but equal in magnitude
119
what does the law of conservation of momentum state
the total initial momentum is equal to the total final moment of an object
120
what is the condition for conservation of momentum
it only takes effect if there are no external forces acting upon the two bodies.
121
explain the spacing of ticker timer
- spacing between two dots is 0.02 seconds, so spacing between 5 dots is 0.1 second
122
explain how we can get speed from a ticker timer
- speed is distance of spacing between 5 dots / 0.1
123
explain how we can get velocity and acceleration from ticker timer
- speed of first 5 spacings is initial velocity u and speed of last 5 spacings is final velocity v
- acceleration = v-u/time of spacing between last dot of first interval and first dot of second interval
124
list two types of energy
chemical energy, electrical energy
125
give an example of chemical energy
coal combustion reaction converts chemical energy into light and heat
126
give an example of electrical energy
using a battery in a remote
127
give an example of gravitational energy
pendulum transfers gpe to kinetic energy
128
give an example of sound energy
speaker playing music
129
give an example of light energy
a light bulb illuminating
130
define kinetic energy
energy of an object which is possesses due to its motion.
131
what is required for kinetic energy to change
change in speed
132
what is gravitational potential energy
the energy stores in an object as a result of its vertical position or height
133
what causes gpe
gravitational attraction of the earth for the object
134
list three factors affecting ke
mass of object
speed of object
velocity of object
135
list three factors affecting gpe
mass of object
height of object
gravity acting on object
136
what is the si unit of ke
joules (J)
137
what is the formula of gpe
mgh
138
what is the si unit of gpe
Joules (J)
139
what does the law of conservation of energy state
energy cannot be created or destroyed, it can only be transferred from one type to another.
140
what is mechanical energy
the sum of kinetic and potential energy
141
what is the condition for mechanical energy being conserved
it is conserved so long as we ignore outside forces like air resistance
142
what is work
the energy transferred to or from an object via the application of force along a displacement
143
when is a force said to do positive work
it is said to do positive work when it has a component in the direction of displacement of the point of application
144
when is a force said to do negative work
it is said to do so when it has a component opposite to the direction of displacement of the point of application
145
what does work energy theorem state
the work done by the sum of all forces acting on a particle equals the change in the ke of the particle.
146
work formula with final kinetic energy and initial ke
w = final ke - initial ke
147
is power vector or scalar
scalar
148
what is the si unit of power
watts (w)
149
how to convert from hp to w
multiply by 746
150
how to convert from w to hp
divide by 746
151
power required to raise object at const speed formula
work/change in time
152
power required to raise object at const speed formula with efficiency and time
e/t
153
what is efficiency
the proportion of energy which is wasted
154
efficiency formula
output/input x 100
155
how to convert mm to m to km
mm x 1000 = m
m x 1000 = km
156
how to convert ml to l to kl
ml x 1000 = l
l x 1000 = km
157
how to convr to kmh to m/s and vice versa
km x 5/18 = m/s
m/s x 18/5 = km/h
158
how to convert from celsius to kelvin
celsius + 273 = kelvin
159
density formula
mass/volume
160
define a wave
a wave is a propogation of disturbances that transfers energy progressively from point to point in a medium.
161
what is a wavelength
the distance from one peak to the next
162
what is frequency
how many complete waves there are per second (passing a certain point).
163
what is the unis of frequency
hertz
164
what is amplitude
the max displacement of a particle from its rest position.
165
what is the velocity of a wave
how fast a wave goes
166
what is the period of a wave
the time it takes for one complete wave to pass a point
167
draw a wave and label all 5 parts of it with symbol for wavelength
one note unit six lesson textbook notes
168
what is wave speed formula
wave speed = frequency x wavelength
169
what are the 2 types of waves
transverse or longitudinal
170
what is transverse wave
in transverse waves, the vibrations are at 90 degrees to the direction energy is transferred by the wave
171
what is longitudinal wave
in longitudinal wave, vibrations are along the same direction as the wave transfers energy,
172
give 2 examples of transverse waves
ripples on water, light
173
give 2 examples of longitudinal waves
sound and ultra sound, shock wave.
174
what is sound
a form of energy that can be heard and travels in waves
175
how is sound formed
when matter vibrates or moves back and forth very quickly, a sound is made.
176
what is transferred by a wave
energy
177
what are compressions in a wave
when the wavelength are close together
178
what are rarefractions in a wave
when the wavelengths are spread apart.
179
define terminal velocity
the maximum velocity attainable by an object as it is falling through air
180
what is the formula of coefficient of friction
frictional force/normal force
181
time period of pendulum formula
2 pi sqrtLength/G
182
what is the formula for moment of force
force x perp. distance from pivot
183
order the speed of sound waves in the 3 different mediums
fasters: solid
second fastest: liquids
slowest: air
184
how can the volume of an irregularly shaped object be measured
The volume of an irregularly shaped object can be determined by measuring the amount of water it displaces. Fill a graduated cylinder about half way with water. Note the level of the water. Submerge your sample and mark the new water level.
