Physics Jee (M+A) Flashcards
(164 cards)
1
Q
What is Newton’s first law of motion?
A
An object at rest stays at rest, and an object in motion stays in motion unless acted upon by a net external force.
2
Q
What is the formula for calculating force?
A
Force (F) is calculated using the formula F = m * a, where m is mass and a is acceleration.
3
Q
True or False: Kinetic energy can be negative.
A
False.
4
Q
What is the formula for gravitational potential energy?
A
Gravitational potential energy (U) is given by U = m * g * h, where m is mass, g is acceleration due to gravity, and h is height.
5
Q
Fill in the blank: The law of conservation of energy states that energy cannot be created or _______.
A
destroyed.
6
Q
What is the unit of power?
A
The unit of power is the watt (W).
7
Q
What does the term ‘work’ refer to in physics?
A
Work refers to the energy transferred when a force is applied over a distance.
8
Q
What is the formula for calculating the work done?
A
Work (W) is calculated using the formula W = F * d * cos(θ), where F is force, d is distance, and θ is the angle between the force and the direction of motion.
9
Q
What is the principle of superposition in waves?
A
The principle of superposition states that when two or more waves overlap, the resultant displacement is the sum of the individual displacements.
10
Q
True or False: The frequency of a wave is inversely proportional to its wavelength.
A
True.
11
Q
What is the formula for calculating the speed of a wave?
A
The speed of a wave (v) is given by the formula v = f * λ, where f is frequency and λ is wavelength.
12
Q
What is Ohm’s law?
A
Ohm’s law states that the current (I) through a conductor between two points is directly proportional to the voltage (V) across the two points, given by the formula V = I * R, where R is resistance.
13
Q
Fill in the blank: The total resistance in a series circuit is equal to the _______ of individual resistances.
A
sum.
14
Q
What is the formula for calculating the total resistance in a parallel circuit?
A
The total resistance (R_total) in a parallel circuit is given by 1/R_total = 1/R1 + 1/R2 + … + 1/Rn.
15
Q
What is the principle of conservation of momentum?
A
The total momentum of a closed system remains constant if no external forces act on it.
16
Q
True or False: An elastic collision conserves both momentum and kinetic energy.
A
True.
17
Q
What is the formula for calculating centripetal acceleration?
A
Centripetal acceleration (a_c) is given by the formula a_c = v^2 / r, where v is the velocity and r is the radius of the circular path.
18
Q
What is the relationship between frequency and period?
A
Frequency (f) is the reciprocal of the period (T), given by f = 1/T.
19
Q
Fill in the blank: The _______ of an object is the product of its mass and velocity.
A
momentum.
20
Q
What is the formula for calculating the gravitational force between two masses?
A
The gravitational force (F) is given by F = G * (m1 * m2) / r^2, where G is the gravitational constant, m1 and m2 are the masses, and r is the distance between their centers.
21
Q
True or False: The electromagnetic spectrum includes radio waves, visible light, and gamma rays.
A
True.
22
Q
What is the formula for calculating the electric field (E) due to a point charge?
A
The electric field (E) is given by E = k * Q / r^2, where k is Coulomb’s constant, Q is the charge, and r is the distance from the charge.
23
Q
What is the definition of absolute zero?
A
Absolute zero is the theoretical temperature at which a system has minimal thermal energy, defined as 0 Kelvin or -273.15°C.
24
Q
Fill in the blank: The first law of thermodynamics is also known as the law of _______.
A
conservation of energy.
25
What is the formula for calculating pressure (P)?
Pressure (P) is calculated using the formula P = F / A, where F is force and A is area.
26
What is the relationship between temperature and kinetic energy?
The average kinetic energy of particles in a substance is directly proportional to its temperature.
27
True or False: In an adiabatic process, heat is exchanged with the surroundings.
False.
28
What is the formula for calculating the efficiency of a machine?
Efficiency (%) is calculated as (Useful output energy / Input energy) * 100.
29
What is the principle behind Archimedes' principle?
Archimedes' principle states that a body immersed in a fluid experiences a buoyant force equal to the weight of the fluid displaced.
30
Fill in the blank: The _______ is a measure of the average kinetic energy of particles in a substance.
temperature.
31
What is the formula for calculating the moment of inertia (I) for a point mass?
Moment of inertia (I) is given by I = m * r^2, where m is mass and r is the distance from the axis of rotation.
32
True or False: The total mechanical energy of an isolated system is always conserved.
True.
33
What does the term 'thermal conductivity' refer to?
Thermal conductivity is a measure of a material's ability to conduct heat.
34
What is the formula for calculating the frequency of a simple harmonic oscillator?
The frequency (f) is calculated using the formula f = (1/2π) * √(k/m), where k is the spring constant and m is the mass.
35
Fill in the blank: The work-energy theorem states that the work done on an object is equal to the change in its _______.
kinetic energy.
36
What is the definition of angular momentum?
Angular momentum is the product of a body's moment of inertia and its angular velocity.
37
What is the formula for calculating angular momentum (L)?
Angular momentum (L) is given by L = I * ω, where I is moment of inertia and ω is angular velocity.
38
True or False: The Doppler effect occurs when there is a change in frequency of a wave in relation to an observer.
True.
39
What is the formula for calculating the mechanical advantage of a lever?
Mechanical advantage (MA) is calculated as MA = Length of effort arm / Length of load arm.
40
Fill in the blank: The _______ of a simple pendulum is the time taken for one complete oscillation.
period.
41
What is the formula for calculating the period (T) of a simple pendulum?
The period (T) is given by T = 2π * √(L/g), where L is the length of the pendulum and g is acceleration due to gravity.
42
What is the concept of inertia?
Inertia is the resistance of any physical object to any change in its velocity.
43
What is the formula for calculating the change in internal energy (ΔU) in thermodynamics?
ΔU = Q - W, where Q is heat added to the system and W is work done by the system.
44
Fill in the blank: The _______ is the measure of the amount of matter in an object.
mass.
45
What is the formula for calculating the capacitance (C) of a capacitor?
Capacitance (C) is given by C = Q / V, where Q is charge and V is voltage.
46
True or False: The speed of light in a vacuum is approximately 3 x 10^8 m/s.
True.
47
What is the formula for calculating the electric potential energy (U) between two charges?
Electric potential energy (U) is given by U = k * (q1 * q2) / r, where k is Coulomb's constant, q1 and q2 are the charges, and r is the distance between them.
48
Fill in the blank: The _______ of a wave is the maximum displacement from its equilibrium position.
amplitude.
49
What is the formula for calculating the index of refraction (n)?
Index of refraction (n) is calculated as n = c / v, where c is the speed of light in vacuum and v is the speed of light in the medium.
50
What is the definition of an ideal gas?
An ideal gas is a hypothetical gas that perfectly follows the ideal gas law, where the interactions between molecules are negligible.
51
What is the ideal gas law formula?
The ideal gas law is expressed as PV = nRT, where P is pressure, V is volume, n is the number of moles, R is the universal gas constant, and T is temperature.
52
True or False: The work done by a gas during expansion is negative.
True.
53
What is the formula for calculating the frequency of a wave given its period?
Frequency (f) is calculated as f = 1/T, where T is the period.
54
Fill in the blank: The _______ is the ratio of the output force to the input force in a machine.
mechanical advantage.
55
What is the formula for calculating the thermal energy (Q) gained or lost?
Thermal energy (Q) is calculated as Q = mcΔT, where m is mass, c is specific heat capacity, and ΔT is the change in temperature.
56
What is the definition of frequency?
Frequency is the number of occurrences of a repeating event per unit of time.
57
What is the formula for calculating the total mechanical energy (E) in a conservative system?
Total mechanical energy (E) is the sum of kinetic energy (K) and potential energy (U), expressed as E = K + U.
58
True or False: The acceleration due to gravity is approximately 9.81 m/s² on the surface of the Earth.
True.
59
What is the formula for the electric current (I)?
Electric current (I) is calculated as I = Q / t, where Q is charge and t is time.
60
What is the definition of a wave?
A wave is a disturbance that transfers energy through space and matter.
61
What is the formula for calculating the velocity of a wave on a string?
The velocity (v) of a wave on a string is given by v = √(T/μ), where T is tension and μ is linear mass density.
62
Fill in the blank: The _______ is the measure of the force of gravity on an object.
weight.
63
What is the formula for calculating the power (P) in an electrical circuit?
Power (P) is calculated as P = V * I, where V is voltage and I is current.
64
What is the definition of a scalar quantity?
A scalar quantity is a physical quantity that has magnitude only, without direction.
65
What is the formula for calculating the density (ρ) of an object?
Density (ρ) is calculated as ρ = m / V, where m is mass and V is volume.
66
True or False: The angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection.
True.
67
What is the formula for calculating the potential difference (V) in a circuit?
Potential difference (V) is calculated as V = W/Q, where W is work done and Q is charge.
68
Fill in the blank: The _______ is the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1 kilogram of a substance by 1 degree Celsius.
specific heat capacity.
69
What is the formula for calculating the total energy in a system?
Total energy is the sum of potential energy and kinetic energy.
70
What is the definition of a vector quantity?
A vector quantity is a physical quantity that has both magnitude and direction.
71
What is the formula for calculating the work done by a constant force?
Work (W) is given by W = F * d, where F is the force and d is the displacement in the direction of the force.
72
True or False: An object in free fall experiences a constant acceleration equal to g.
True.
73
What is the formula for calculating the acceleration (a) of an object?
Acceleration (a) is calculated as a = (v_f - v_i) / t, where v_f is final velocity, v_i is initial velocity, and t is time.
74
Fill in the blank: The _______ is the distance traveled by an object in a unit of time.
speed.
75
What is the formula for calculating the total mechanical energy of a system?
Total mechanical energy (E) is the sum of kinetic energy (K) and potential energy (U), expressed as E = K + U.
76
What is the formula for calculating the wavelength of a wave?
Wavelength (λ) can be calculated using the formula λ = v / f, where v is wave speed and f is frequency.
77
True or False: The heat transfer by conduction occurs through the movement of fluid.
False.
78
What is the formula for calculating the change in temperature?
Change in temperature (ΔT) can be calculated as ΔT = T_final - T_initial.
79
What is the definition of thermal equilibrium?
Thermal equilibrium is the state in which two bodies in thermal contact do not exchange heat, indicating they are at the same temperature.
80
What is the formula for calculating the frequency of a wave?
Frequency (f) is calculated as f = 1/T, where T is the period of the wave.
81
Fill in the blank: The _______ is the point where the net force acting on an object is zero.
equilibrium.
82
What is the formula for calculating the acceleration due to gravity?
The acceleration due to gravity (g) is approximately 9.81 m/s² on the surface of the Earth.
83
What is Newton's first law of motion?
An object at rest stays at rest, and an object in motion stays in motion unless acted upon by a net external force.
84
What is the formula for calculating force?
Force (F) is calculated using the formula F = m * a, where m is mass and a is acceleration.
85
True or False: Kinetic energy can be negative.
False.
86
What is the formula for gravitational potential energy?
Gravitational potential energy (U) is given by U = m * g * h, where m is mass, g is acceleration due to gravity, and h is height.
87
Fill in the blank: The law of conservation of energy states that energy cannot be created or _______.
destroyed.
88
What is the unit of power?
The unit of power is the watt (W).
89
What does the term 'work' refer to in physics?
Work refers to the energy transferred when a force is applied over a distance.
90
What is the formula for calculating the work done?
Work (W) is calculated using the formula W = F * d * cos(θ), where F is force, d is distance, and θ is the angle between the force and the direction of motion.
91
What is the principle of superposition in waves?
The principle of superposition states that when two or more waves overlap, the resultant displacement is the sum of the individual displacements.
92
True or False: The frequency of a wave is inversely proportional to its wavelength.
True.
93
What is the formula for calculating the speed of a wave?
The speed of a wave (v) is given by the formula v = f * λ, where f is frequency and λ is wavelength.
94
What is Ohm's law?
Ohm's law states that the current (I) through a conductor between two points is directly proportional to the voltage (V) across the two points, given by the formula V = I * R, where R is resistance.
95
Fill in the blank: The total resistance in a series circuit is equal to the _______ of individual resistances.
sum.
96
What is the formula for calculating the total resistance in a parallel circuit?
The total resistance (R_total) in a parallel circuit is given by 1/R_total = 1/R1 + 1/R2 + ... + 1/Rn.
97
What is the principle of conservation of momentum?
The total momentum of a closed system remains constant if no external forces act on it.
98
True or False: An elastic collision conserves both momentum and kinetic energy.
True.
99
What is the formula for calculating centripetal acceleration?
Centripetal acceleration (a_c) is given by the formula a_c = v^2 / r, where v is the velocity and r is the radius of the circular path.
100
What is the relationship between frequency and period?
Frequency (f) is the reciprocal of the period (T), given by f = 1/T.
101
Fill in the blank: The _______ of an object is the product of its mass and velocity.
momentum.
102
What is the formula for calculating the gravitational force between two masses?
The gravitational force (F) is given by F = G * (m1 * m2) / r^2, where G is the gravitational constant, m1 and m2 are the masses, and r is the distance between their centers.
103
True or False: The electromagnetic spectrum includes radio waves, visible light, and gamma rays.
True.
104
What is the formula for calculating the electric field (E) due to a point charge?
The electric field (E) is given by E = k * Q / r^2, where k is Coulomb's constant, Q is the charge, and r is the distance from the charge.
105
What is the definition of absolute zero?
Absolute zero is the theoretical temperature at which a system has minimal thermal energy, defined as 0 Kelvin or -273.15°C.
106
Fill in the blank: The first law of thermodynamics is also known as the law of _______.
conservation of energy.
107
What is the formula for calculating pressure (P)?
Pressure (P) is calculated using the formula P = F / A, where F is force and A is area.
108
What is the relationship between temperature and kinetic energy?
The average kinetic energy of particles in a substance is directly proportional to its temperature.
109
True or False: In an adiabatic process, heat is exchanged with the surroundings.
False.
110
What is the formula for calculating the efficiency of a machine?
Efficiency (%) is calculated as (Useful output energy / Input energy) * 100.
111
What is the principle behind Archimedes' principle?
Archimedes' principle states that a body immersed in a fluid experiences a buoyant force equal to the weight of the fluid displaced.
112
Fill in the blank: The _______ is a measure of the average kinetic energy of particles in a substance.
temperature.
113
What is the formula for calculating the moment of inertia (I) for a point mass?
Moment of inertia (I) is given by I = m * r^2, where m is mass and r is the distance from the axis of rotation.
114
True or False: The total mechanical energy of an isolated system is always conserved.
True.
115
What does the term 'thermal conductivity' refer to?
Thermal conductivity is a measure of a material's ability to conduct heat.
116
What is the formula for calculating the frequency of a simple harmonic oscillator?
The frequency (f) is calculated using the formula f = (1/2π) * √(k/m), where k is the spring constant and m is the mass.
117
Fill in the blank: The work-energy theorem states that the work done on an object is equal to the change in its _______.
kinetic energy.
118
What is the definition of angular momentum?
Angular momentum is the product of a body's moment of inertia and its angular velocity.
119
What is the formula for calculating angular momentum (L)?
Angular momentum (L) is given by L = I * ω, where I is moment of inertia and ω is angular velocity.
120
True or False: The Doppler effect occurs when there is a change in frequency of a wave in relation to an observer.
True.
121
What is the formula for calculating the mechanical advantage of a lever?
Mechanical advantage (MA) is calculated as MA = Length of effort arm / Length of load arm.
122
Fill in the blank: The _______ of a simple pendulum is the time taken for one complete oscillation.
period.
123
What is the formula for calculating the period (T) of a simple pendulum?
The period (T) is given by T = 2π * √(L/g), where L is the length of the pendulum and g is acceleration due to gravity.
124
What is the concept of inertia?
Inertia is the resistance of any physical object to any change in its velocity.
125
What is the formula for calculating the change in internal energy (ΔU) in thermodynamics?
ΔU = Q - W, where Q is heat added to the system and W is work done by the system.
126
Fill in the blank: The _______ is the measure of the amount of matter in an object.
mass.
127
What is the formula for calculating the capacitance (C) of a capacitor?
Capacitance (C) is given by C = Q / V, where Q is charge and V is voltage.
128
True or False: The speed of light in a vacuum is approximately 3 x 10^8 m/s.
True.
129
What is the formula for calculating the electric potential energy (U) between two charges?
Electric potential energy (U) is given by U = k * (q1 * q2) / r, where k is Coulomb's constant, q1 and q2 are the charges, and r is the distance between them.
130
Fill in the blank: The _______ of a wave is the maximum displacement from its equilibrium position.
amplitude.
131
What is the formula for calculating the index of refraction (n)?
Index of refraction (n) is calculated as n = c / v, where c is the speed of light in vacuum and v is the speed of light in the medium.
132
What is the definition of an ideal gas?
An ideal gas is a hypothetical gas that perfectly follows the ideal gas law, where the interactions between molecules are negligible.
133
What is the ideal gas law formula?
The ideal gas law is expressed as PV = nRT, where P is pressure, V is volume, n is the number of moles, R is the universal gas constant, and T is temperature.
134
True or False: The work done by a gas during expansion is negative.
True.
135
What is the formula for calculating the frequency of a wave given its period?
Frequency (f) is calculated as f = 1/T, where T is the period.
136
Fill in the blank: The _______ is the ratio of the output force to the input force in a machine.
mechanical advantage.
137
What is the formula for calculating the thermal energy (Q) gained or lost?
Thermal energy (Q) is calculated as Q = mcΔT, where m is mass, c is specific heat capacity, and ΔT is the change in temperature.
138
What is the definition of frequency?
Frequency is the number of occurrences of a repeating event per unit of time.
139
What is the formula for calculating the total mechanical energy (E) in a conservative system?
Total mechanical energy (E) is the sum of kinetic energy (K) and potential energy (U), expressed as E = K + U.
140
True or False: The acceleration due to gravity is approximately 9.81 m/s² on the surface of the Earth.
True.
141
What is the formula for the electric current (I)?
Electric current (I) is calculated as I = Q / t, where Q is charge and t is time.
142
What is the definition of a wave?
A wave is a disturbance that transfers energy through space and matter.
143
What is the formula for calculating the velocity of a wave on a string?
The velocity (v) of a wave on a string is given by v = √(T/μ), where T is tension and μ is linear mass density.
144
Fill in the blank: The _______ is the measure of the force of gravity on an object.
weight.
145
What is the formula for calculating the power (P) in an electrical circuit?
Power (P) is calculated as P = V * I, where V is voltage and I is current.
146
What is the definition of a scalar quantity?
A scalar quantity is a physical quantity that has magnitude only, without direction.
147
What is the formula for calculating the density (ρ) of an object?
Density (ρ) is calculated as ρ = m / V, where m is mass and V is volume.
148
True or False: The angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection.
True.
149
What is the formula for calculating the potential difference (V) in a circuit?
Potential difference (V) is calculated as V = W/Q, where W is work done and Q is charge.
150
Fill in the blank: The _______ is the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1 kilogram of a substance by 1 degree Celsius.
specific heat capacity.
151
What is the formula for calculating the total energy in a system?
Total energy is the sum of potential energy and kinetic energy.
152
What is the definition of a vector quantity?
A vector quantity is a physical quantity that has both magnitude and direction.
153
What is the formula for calculating the work done by a constant force?
Work (W) is given by W = F * d, where F is the force and d is the displacement in the direction of the force.
154
True or False: An object in free fall experiences a constant acceleration equal to g.
True.
155
What is the formula for calculating the acceleration (a) of an object?
Acceleration (a) is calculated as a = (v_f - v_i) / t, where v_f is final velocity, v_i is initial velocity, and t is time.
156
Fill in the blank: The _______ is the distance traveled by an object in a unit of time.
speed.
157
What is the formula for calculating the total mechanical energy of a system?
Total mechanical energy (E) is the sum of kinetic energy (K) and potential energy (U), expressed as E = K + U.
158
What is the formula for calculating the wavelength of a wave?
Wavelength (λ) can be calculated using the formula λ = v / f, where v is wave speed and f is frequency.
159
True or False: The heat transfer by conduction occurs through the movement of fluid.
False.
160
What is the formula for calculating the change in temperature?
Change in temperature (ΔT) can be calculated as ΔT = T_final - T_initial.
161
What is the definition of thermal equilibrium?
Thermal equilibrium is the state in which two bodies in thermal contact do not exchange heat, indicating they are at the same temperature.
162
What is the formula for calculating the frequency of a wave?
Frequency (f) is calculated as f = 1/T, where T is the period of the wave.
163
Fill in the blank: The _______ is the point where the net force acting on an object is zero.
equilibrium.
164
What is the formula for calculating the acceleration due to gravity?
The acceleration due to gravity (g) is approximately 9.81 m/s² on the surface of the Earth.
