physics mcat Flashcards
1
Q
universal gravitation equation
A
F=(Gm1m2)/(r^2)
2
Q
static friction
A
Fs ≤ μs η , and Fsmax = μs η
3
Q
kinetic friction
A
F= μkN
4
Q
force of gravity
A
F=mg
5
Q
Newton’s first law
A
F=ma=0
6
Q
Newton’s 2nd law
A
F=ma
7
Q
Newton’s 3rd law
A
F(AB)=-F(BA)
8
Q
Kinematics equation (no displacement)
A
v = v₀ + at
9
Q
Kinematics equation (no final velocity)
A
x = x₀ + v₀t + ½at²
10
Q
Kinematics equations (no time)
A
v² = v₀² + 2ax
11
Q
Kinematics (no acceleration)
A
x=vt
12
Q
perpendicular component of gravity on an inclined plane
A
F=mgcos θ
13
Q
parallel component of gravity on an inclined plane
A
F=mgsin θ
14
Q
Centripetal force
A
F=(mv^2)/r
15
Q
Torque
A
t=r x F= rFsin θ
16
Q
kinetic energy
A
K=(1/2)mv^2
17
Q
gravitational potential energy
A
U=mgh
18
Q
elastic potential energy
A
U=(1/2)kx^2
19
Q
total mechanical energy
A
E=U+K
20
Q
conservation of mechanical energy
A
ΔE=ΔU+ΔK
21
Q
work done by nonconservative forces
A
W(nonconservative)=ΔE=ΔU+ΔK
22
Q
definition of work (mechanical)
A
W=F dot d = Fdcosθ
23
Q
Definition of work (isobaric gas-piston system)
A
W=PΔV
24
Q
Definition of power
A
P=(W/t)=ΔE/t
25
Work-energy theorem
W(net)=ΔK
26
Mechanical advantage
F(out)/F(in)
27
Efficiency
W(out)/W(in) = ((load)(load distance))/((effort)(effort distance))
28
temperature conversions
F=(9/5)C+32
| K=C+273
29
thermal expansion equation
ΔL=alphaLΔT
30
volume expansion equation
ΔV=betaVΔT
31
first law of thermodynamics
U=Q-W
32
heat gained or lost with temp change
q=mcΔT
33
heat gained or lost with phase change
q=mL
34
entropy and heat
ΔS=(Qrev)/T
35
second law of thermodynamics
ΔSuniv=ΔSsys+ΔSsurr > 0
36
density
ρ=m/V
37
weight of a volume of fluid
F= ρVg
38
specific gravity
SG= ρ/(1 g per cm^3)
39
pressure
P=F/A
40
Absolute pressure
P=P0+ ρgz
41
Gauge pressure
Pgauge=P-Patm= (P0+ ρgz) - Patm
42
Pascal's principle
P=F1/A1=F2/A2
| F2=F1(A2/A1)
43
Buoyant force
Fbuoy=ρfluidVfluiddisplacedg=ρfluidVsubmergedg
44
Poiseuille's law
Q=ΔPπr^4/8ηl
45
Critical speed
V=nN/ρd
46
Continuity equation
Q=v1A1=v2A2
47
Bernoulli's equation
P1+1/2ρv1^2+ρgh1=P2+1/2ρv2^2+ρgh2
48
Doppler's from qpack
Δf/f=(-v/c)
49
fixed voltage between cathode and anode
E=(V-IR)/L
50
Coulomb's law
F(e)=k|q1||q2| / d2
51
Electric field
E=F(e)/q=kQ/(r^2)=V/r
52
Electric potential energy
U=kQq/r
53
Electric potential (from electric potential energy)
V=U/q
54
Electric potential (from source charge)
V=kQ/r
55
Voltage
ΔV=V(a)-V(b)=W(ab)/q
56
Electric potential near dipole
V=(kqd)(cosθ)/(r^2)
57
Dipole moment
p=qd
58
electric field on the perpendicular bisector of a dipole
E=(1/4piepsilonnaught) x (p/r^3)
59
torque on a dipole in an electric field
torque=pEsinθ
60
magnetic field from a straight wire
B=u0I/(2pir)
61
magnetic force from a loop of wire
B=u0I/2r
62
magnetic force on a moving point charge
F=qvBsinθ
63
magnetic force on a current-carrying wire
F=ILBsinθ
64
current
I=Q/Δt
65
Kirchoff's junction rule
I(into junction)=I(out of junction)
66
Kirchoff's loop rule
V(source)=V(drop)
67
Resistance
R=ρL/A
68
Ohm's law
V=IR
69
voltage and cell emf
V=E(cell)-ir(internal)
70
definition of power
P=W/t=ΔE/t
71
electric power
P=IV=(I^2)R=(V^2)/r
72
voltage drop across circuit elements (series)
Vtot=V1+V2+V3...
73
equivalent resistance (series)
Rtot=R1+R2+R3...
74
voltage drop across circuit elements (parallel)
Vp=V1=V2=V3...
75
equivalent resistance (parallel)
(1/R)=(1/R1)+(1/R2)+(1/R3)...
76
definition of capacitance
C=Q/V
77
capacitance based on parallel plate geometry
C=epsilonnaught (A/d)
78
electric field in a capacitor
E=V/d
79
potential energy of a capacitor
U=(1/2)CV^2
80
capacitance of a dielectric material
C'=kC
81
dielectrics in isolated capacitor
decrease in voltage
82
dielectrics in circuit capacitor
increase in charge
83
equivalent capacitance (series)
(1/C)=(1/C1)+(1/C2)+(1/C3)...
84
equivalent capacitance (parallel)
C=C1+C2+C3...
85
Wave speed
v=fλ
86
period
T=1/f
87
angular frequency
ω=(2pi)f=(2pi)/t
88
speed of sound
v=sqrt(B/ρ) B increases gas -> liquid -> solid
89
doppler effect
f'=f(v±vD)/(v∓vS)
90
intensity
I=P/A
91
sound level
beta=10log(I/I0) I0= 10^-12
92
change in sound level
betaf = betai +10log(If/Ii)
93
beat frequency
fbeat=f1-f2
94
wavelength of a standing wave (strings and open pipes)
λ=(2L)/n
95
frequency of a standing wave (strings and open pipes)
f=nv/(2L)
96
wavelength of a standing wave (closed pipes)
λ=(4L)/n where n can only be odd integers
97
frequency of a standing wave (closed pipes)
f=(nv)/4L
98
speed of light
c=λf
99
law of reflection
θ1=θ2
100
optics equation
(1/f)=(1/o)+(1/i)=(2/r)
101
magnification
m=-i/o
102
index of refraction
n=c/v
103
snell's law
n1sinθ1=n2sinθ2
104
critical angle
θc=inversersin (n2/n1) for n2
105
lensmaker's equation
1/f=(n-1)((1/r1)-(1/r2))
106
power
P=1/f
107
focal length of multiple lens systems
1/f=1/f1+1/f2+1/f3...
108
power of multiple lens systems
P=P1+P2+P3...
109
magnification of multiple lens systems
m=m1xm2xm3...
110
positions of dark fringes in slit-lens setup
asinθ=nλ
111
positions of dark fringes in double-slit setip
dsinθ=(n+1/2)λ
112
farsighted people need
converging lens
113
nearsighted people need
diverging lens
114
i is +/-
image is real/virtual
115
r is +/-
mirror is converging/diverging
116
f is +/-
mirror is converging/diverging
117
m is +/-
image is upright/inverted
118
energy of a photon of light
E=hf
119
maximum kinetic energy of an electron
Kmax=hf-W
120
work function
W=hf f=threshold frequency
121
mass defect and energy
E=mc^2
122
alpha decay
atomic number loses 2, mass number loses 4, alpha particle emitted
123
beta negative decay
atomic number gains one, electron emitted
124
beta positive decay/electron capture
atomic nimber loses one
125
gamma decay
gamma radiation emitted
126
rate of nuclear decay
Δn/Δt=-λn
127
exponential decay
n=n0e^-λt
128
decay constant
λ=ln2/T(1/2)=0.693/T(1/2)
129
log(n x 10^m)
approx. m+0.n
130
log to ln
logx==ln(x)/2.303
