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Vascular board review (myultrasoundtutor) > Physics Review > Flashcards

Physics Review Flashcards

1
Q

Operating or transducer frequency is choose based on scanning depth and depends on what 2 factors

A

1) scan type
b) body habitus

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2
Q

If you increase the frequency what happens to the axial resolution and penetration

A

Better axial resolution
poor penetration

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3
Q

If you decrease the frequency what happens to the penetration and axial resolution

A

Deeper penetration
Degrade axial resolution

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4
Q

What type of transducer and frequency would you use for a peripheral duplex exam

A

7-12 MHz linear array

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5
Q

What type of transducer and frequency would you use for an abdominal duplex exam

A

2-6 MHz curved linear array

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6
Q

What type of transducer and frequency would you use for an intraoperative exam

A

12-15 MHz array

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7
Q

What type of imaging resolution depends on transducer frequency

a) axial
b) lateral
c) temporal

A

a) axial

  • increase frequency to improve visualization of vessel wall thickness or plaque
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8
Q

What type of imaging resolution depends on beam width

a) axial
b) lateral
c) temporal

A

b) Lateral

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9
Q

Increasing the number of focal zones, increasing line density, and decreasing sector angle all help improve what imaging resolution

a) axial
b) lateral
c) temporal

A

b) lateral

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10
Q

What type of imaging resolution depends on frame rate

a) axial
b) lateral
c) temporal

A

c) temporal

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11
Q

Decreasing line density/ sector angle, decreasing the number of focal zones, and decreasing the color box all improve which imaging resolution

a) axial
b) lateral
c) temporal

A

c) temporal

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12
Q

What are 2 other names for reverberation

A

1) comet tail
b) ring down

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13
Q

Several bright false echoes deep to real reflectors describe what artifact

a) reverberation
b) posterior shadowing
c) posterior enhancement
d) mirror image

A

a) reverberation

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14
Q

Microcalcifications, gas bubbles, syringe needles, and catheters are examples of what artifact

a) reverberation
b) posterior shadowing
c) posterior enhancement
d) mirror image

A

a) reverberation

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15
Q

What artifact has severe attenuation with a dark band deep to highly reflecting objects

a) reverberation
b) posterior shadowing
c) posterior enhancement
d) mirror image

A

b) posterior shadowing

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16
Q

Bony structures and calcified plaque are examples of what imaging artifact

a) reverberation
b) posterior shadowing
c) posterior enhancement
d) mirror image

A

b) posterior shadowing

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17
Q

Lack of attenuation from fluid-filled structures describes what imaging artifact

a) reverberation
b) posterior shadowing
c) posterior enhancement
d) mirror image

A

c) posterior enhancement

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18
Q

Cysts and hematomas are examples of what imaging artifact

a) reverberation
b) posterior shadowing
c) posterior enhancecment
d) mirror image

A

c) posterior enhancement

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19
Q

Copy of echoes deep to renal anatomy/specular reflectors describes what imaging artifact

a) reverberation
b) posterior shadowing
c) posterior enhancement
d) mirror image

A

d) mirror image

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20
Q

The liver/diaphragm and larger arteries are examples of what imaging artifact

a) reverberation
b) posterior shadowing
c) posterior enhancement
d) mirror image

A

d) mirror image

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21
Q

Moving towards the sound source the received frequency would be

a) higher
b) lower

A

a) higher

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22
Q

Moving away from the sound source the received frequency would be

a) higher
b) lower

A

b) lower

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23
Q

The difference between the reflected and transmitted frequencies is called

A

Frequency shift

24
Q

What is another name for frequency shift

A

Doppler shift

25
If the received frequency is greater than the transmitted this would be considered a a) positive shift b) negative shift
a) positive shift
26
If the received frequency is less than the transmitted this would considered a a) positive shift b) negative shift
b) negative shift
27
How are velocity and shift related
Direct
28
How are frequency and shift related
Direct
29
How are angle and shift related
Inverse
30
If the angle is closer to 90 degrees what happens to the doppler shift a) decrease b) no shift c) greater shift
a) decrease
31
If the angle is 90 degrees or perpendicular what happens to the shift a) decreases b) no shift c) greater shift
b) no shift
32
What happens to the shift when the angle is 0 degrees or parallel or 180 degrees a) decreases b) no shift c) greater shift
c) greater shift
33
Is color considered qualitative or quantitative
qualitative
34
______ only displays direction and averaged velocities
Color
35
Slow flow is considered a) low scale b) high scale
a) low scale
36
Fast flow is considered a) low scale b) high scale
b) high scale
37
Closer to parallel= _____ doppler shift and brighter color a) higher b) lower
a) higher
38
Perpendicular = ________ doppler shift and will be black
No
39
The negative color is always going to be _______ the side the box is steered a) towards b) away
a) towards
40
The positive color is always going to be ________ from the the side the box is being steered a) towards b) away
b) away
41
This evaluates flow over on small area called sample volume
Pulsed doppler
42
Whats another name for sample volume
Range gating
43
Is pulsed doppler considered to be qualitative or quantitative
Quantitatitve
44
What breaks down the signal into separate components according to velocity and time
Spectral analysis
45
What are 2 other names for power doppler
1) energy doppler 2) amplitude doppler
46
What only detects and displays the presence of flow and there is NO direction info
Power Doppler
47
This type of doppler is very sensitive to slow flow
Power doppler
48
Unable to determine depth or location is called
Range ambiguous
49
What is only used as a flow detector or to measure severely elevated velocities
Continuous wave doppler
50
What type of doppler can not choose a location
Continuous wave doppler
51
Which of the folllowing is a disadvantage of a continuous wave doppler unit a) range ambiguity b) inaccurate velocity calculation c) risk of aliasing d) qualitative assessment only
a) range ambiguity CW doppler does not allow for range location. Meaning we can't tell or choose the location of the doppler signal
52
What pathology is most likely to produce posterior enhancement a) cellulitis b) dense plaque c) chronic DVT d) bakers cyst
d) baker cyst - fluid filled structures will produce posterior enhancement
53
Which of the following will produce no doppler shift a) decreasing the doppler angle b) 90 degrees incidence c) 0 degree incidence d) lowering the wall filter
b) 90 degree incidence There is no doppler shift at 90 degrees or perpendicular incidence
54
What diagnostic applications can power doppler be useful? a) valvular incompetence b) confirm near total occlusion c) hemodialysis access grafts d) subclavian steal
b) confirm near total occlusion
55
Which change will correct aliasing a) decrease scale b) increase transducer frequency c) increase wall filter d) decrease transducer frequency
d) decrease transducer frequency -The only things that will help eliminate aliasing are 1) increase PRF/velocity scale 2) lower baseline 3) decrease transducer frequency 4) increase doppler angle
56
Which artifact will mimic an aortic dissection a) Propagational speed error artifact b) Grating lobe artifact c) Side lobe artifact d) Mirror imaging arifact
c) Side lobe artifact

Vascular board review (myultrasoundtutor) (23 decks)

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