Physics Space

Question 1

Way to remember order of planets

Answer 1

My Very Early Morning Joke (is the) S U N
Mercury, Venus, earth, mars , Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune

Question 2

what are the first 4 planets vs the last 4 planets called?

Answer 2

rocky planets va gas giants (they’re bigger!)

Question 3

What’s an astronomical unit?

Answer 3

Mean distance from the earth to sun (mean because there aren’t perfect circles!)

Question 4

Heliocentric vs geocentric?

Answer 4

Sun is at centre of solar system vs earth is at centre of solar system

Question 5

Other objects in solar system?

Answer 5

Moons, natural satellites, artificial satellites, asteroids, meteors, comets

Question 6

How does the orbital radius affect the speed and orbit of the earth?

Answer 6

The higher the orbital radius, the slower the speed and the longer the orbit

Question 7

What is red shift?

Answer 7

As galaxies move further away, the wavelength of light increases, shifting more to the red part of the visible light spectrum because red has the longest wavelength

Question 8

What is a black hole?

Answer 8

A very dense singularity from with no light can escape - from the remnants of a supernova

Question 9

what colour are the coolest stars vs the hottest stars?

Answer 9

Red vs blue

Question 10

Elements heavier than iron are produced in a ?

Answer 10

Supernova

Question 11

What is Hubbles law??

Answer 11

The further away the star/ object the faster it’s moving

Question 12

What is another price of evidence for big bang?

Answer 12

Cosmic microwave background radiation

Question 13

What does goes into nuclear fusion, what does it release and what is required for it to take place?

Answer 13

Deuterium, Tritium go in and helium, lots of ENERGY and a neutron is released. REQUIRES INTENSE TEMP AND PRESSURE

Question 14

Life cycle of a small star?

Answer 14

Nebula —> protostar —> main sequence star —> red giant —> white dwarf —> black dwarf

Question 15

Explain the life cycle of a small star eg the sun

Answer 15

Nebula is a small cloud of dust which due to gravity is forced together to become a nebula —> protostar —> main sequence star is formed when the protostar gets hot enough to begin nuclear fusion and the star begins to glows —> red giant when the star runs out of hydrogen it expands and become a red giant—> white dwarf happens when gravity pulls atoms together —> black dwarf - when white dwarf becomes too cold and goes black

Question 16

Life sequence of a red super giant

Answer 16

Nebula —> protostar —> main sequence star —> red super giant - star runs out of helium and expands and then collapses in on itself —> supernova explodes creating either a: —> black hole - a region of space that absorbs all light and nothing can escape from, or neutron star a very small and dense star

Question 17

Difference of wavelength if object is approaching you vs if it’s moving away

Answer 17

Wavelength is compressed vs stretched (rarefactions)

Question 18

MOST IMPORTANT PART OF SPACE ABOUT RED SHIFT!
There’s an observed ? in the wavelength of ? from most distant ? and stars. The further away the ?, the ? they’re moving and the bigger the ? increase in wavelength. This effect is called ? shift and is provided evidence that space is ? and shows that everything originated in one ?.

Answer 18

increase, light, universes, universes, faster, observed, red , expanding, place. THE BIG BANG!

Question 19

Repeatable vs reproducible

Answer 19

Repeatable is when the same person can do the experiment again and get dismissed results vs reproducible is when a different person can use the same method and get similar results

Question 20

Force and extension experiment method:
1. Set up equipment with ? and stand etc as shown in ?
2. Ensure that the meter ? alongside the spring is ?
3. Use the metre rule to measure ? height of the spring - to the end of the ?
4. Hang a 1? weight from the bottom of the ?
5. Record the new ? of the bottom of spring in a ?
6. Calculate the ? of the spring by subtracting the ? position from the ? position
7. Repeat steps 4-6 adding a ? on each time till it reaches 10?

Answer 20

1. clamp, diagram
2. Rule, vertical
3. Vertical, spring
4. Newton, spring
5. Height, table
6. Extension, original, new
7. Newton, newton

Question 21

Method of acceleration 1 - how to set up equipment?

Answer 21

Have a runway with a data loggers at the end. Then have a dynamics trolley on a ramp with an interrupt card and past it two light gates. Also connect the trolley to a pulley with a string.

Question 22

Method of acceleration 1 -
1. Set up ? as shown in ?
2. connect the light ? to the data ? and scroll right to select ‘timing ?’ and press ?
3. Then scroll right ? to select acceleration ? with a length of 0.1 m and press ?
4. To compensate for ? the ramp should be slightly ? so it moves at a constant ?
5. Hold the trolley before first ? gate and attach 0.1 ? weight to end of ?
6. Release trolley so it ? through both ? gates
7. Record acceleration in ? and repeat ?
8. Repeat steps 5-8 increasing ? by 0.1 each time up to 1?

Answer 22

1. Apparatus, diagram
2. Gates, logger, mode, ok
3. Once, mode, ok
4. Friction, inclined, velocity
5. Light, newton, string
6. Passes, light
7. Table, twice
8. Weight, Newton

Question 23

Method of acceleration 2? Aim is to investigate relationship between mass and acceleration of object with resultant force
1. Measure ? of trolley with a mass ?
2. set up equipment as ? in diagram
3. connect light ? to the data ? and adjust ? logged to measure ?
4. Hold trolley before ? light gates and attach 0.4 ? to the end of the ?
5. Release trolley so it ? through both light ?
6. Record ? in table and repeat ?
7. Repeat steps 5-6 adding ? mass onto the trolley each ? till 600g has been ?

Answer 23

1. Mass, balance
2. Shown
3. Gate, logger, data, acceleration
4. First, newtons, string
5. Passes, gates
6. Acceleration, twice
7. 100g, time, added

Question 24

How to set up acceleration 2 diagram?

Answer 24

Set up trolley on a ramp with a card and two light gates. Attach string to trolley and put it in a pulley. Also attach weight hanger to end

Question 25

Density 1 method? Regular shaped object

Answer 25

- Place the object on a mass balance and record its mass - use a ruler or micrometer to measure its length, width and height - calculate the volume of the object by multiplying the length wist and height - calculate density using the equation density = mass/ volume

Question 26

Density 2 method: 1. Place the ? on a mass ? and record ? mass 2. Fill the eureka ? with water up to a ? just below it’s ? 3. Place an empty measuring ? below ? spout 4. Carefully lower the ? into the ? can 5. Measure the ? of the displaced ? in the measuring ? 6. Calculate the ? using the equation density = ?/ volume

Answer 26

1. Object, balance, its 2. can, point, spout 3. cylinder, eureka/its 4. object, eureka 5. Volume, water, cylinder 6. Density, mass

Question 27

Waves 1 method diagram

Answer 27

Set up a ripple tank with white card and a meter rule below. Put a mani be t to a power supply and motor. And at the front of the water put a wooden rod.

Question 28

Method of waves 1? 1. Set up the ? as shown and fill the ? tank with water to a ? if no more than ? Cm 2. Turn on the power ? and the ? source to produce a wave ? on the screen 3. The ? if the waves can be measured by using a ? to measure across as many ? as possible then divide the total ? by the number of ? 4. The frequency can be ? directly from the signal ? 5. Adjust the frequency of the ? generator and repeat steps ? to ? for another ? frequencies

Answer 28

1. Apparatus, ripple, height, 1 2. source, light, pattern 3. wavelength, ruler, waves, length, waves 4. Read, generator 5. Signal, 3,4, three

Question 29

Waves 2 diagram?

Answer 29

Have a flat board with a wooden bridge 3/4 to the left and a vibration generator almost at the right of board with a wire to the power supply. Then put a string from the vibration generator over the top of the wooden bridge and on a pulley with a weight.

Question 30

Method of waves 2? 1. Set up the ? as shown, then adjust the ? of the signal generator till a ? wave is produced 2. Once the stationary ? is produced, record the ? shown on the ? generator 3. Use a ? ruler to measure across as many ? wavelengths as possible (a half ? is one loop). Then divide the total ? by the number of half ?. Multiplying this ? by 2 will give the overall ? 4. Adjust the ? to a new ? and move the wooden ? until another stationary ? is produced 5. Repeat step ? for a further ? frequencies

Answer 30

1. Apparatus, frequency, stationary 2. Wave, frequency, signal 3. Metre, half, wavelength, length, wavelengths. number, wavelength 4. Frequency, value, bridge, waves 5. 4, three

Question 32

Diagram for light practical?

Answer 32

Draw a ray box with a slit. Then have a piece of paper with a block drawn on it and a normal line. Then draw the incident rat and the reflected ray (similar angle), then an emergent ray coming out the other side of the block with a similar angle as incidence.

Question 33

Light method? 1. Place the Perspex ? on the paper and draw around the ? 2. Check the ? line is 90 ? from the glass ? 3. Use the protractor to measure an ? Of 20 ? to the normal ? and draw this ? degree line 4. Repeat step ? at 20 degree ? from 40 to ? degrees 5. Shine the beam from the ? Box along the ? at 20 degrees 6. Mark several ? where the ray emerges from the ? and where it ? 7. Remove glass ? 8. Draw a straight ? with the ruler showing the ? ray and the reflected ? 9. Measure the angle of ? and ? 10. Repeat at ? Degree intervals from 20 - 80 degrees and along ? 11. Swap results with ? two groups who used ? Material and three groups with ? material

Answer 33

1. Block, block 2. normal, degrees, block 3. Angle, degrees, line, 20 4. 3, intervals, 80 5.ray, line 6. points, block, reflects (and refracts) 7. block 8. Line, refracted, ray 9. Refraction, reflection 10. 20, normal 11. another, material, different

Question 34

How to set up IV characteristics 1 - investigate the relationship between the pd and the current across a resistor diagram

Answer 34

Set up a battery, with an ammeter in series and voltmeter in parallel and a variable resistor.

Question 35

IV practical method? 1. Set up ? as shown in the ? 2. Record reading on ammeter and ? in a suitable ? 3. Adjust the ? resistor and record the ? reading on the ? and the voltmeter 4. Repeat step ? to obtain several ? of readings 5. Swap connections in the ?. The ammeter is now ? and the variable resistor is ? . The reading on ? and voltmeter should now be ? 6. Continue to record ? of current and ? with the battery ? 7. Plot a ? of ? against p.d

Answer 35

1. Circuit, diagram 2. Voltmeter, table 3. Variable, new, ammeter 4. 3, pairs 5. Battery, negative, positive, ammeter, negative 6. pairs, p.d, reversed 7. Graph, current