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physics > Physics test 23/01/25 > Flashcards

Physics test 23/01/25 Flashcards

Electricity (60 cards)

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1
Q

What are the two fundamental forces of nature that are closely related?

A

Electricity and magnetism

These forces form the basis for many technologies used today.

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2
Q

Electricity and magnetism are part of which field?

A

Electromagnetism

Electromagnetism is one of the four fundamental forces of nature.

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3
Q

What is electricity primarily associated with?

A

The movement of electric charges

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4
Q

What is magnetism associated with?

A

The force created by moving electric charges

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5
Q

How is electric current produced?

A

By the flow of electrons through a conductor

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6
Q

What is the unit of measurement for electric current?

A

Amperes (A)

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7
Q

What are the two main types of electric current?

A
  • Direct current (DC)
  • Alternating current (AC)
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8
Q

In which direction does direct current (DC) flow?

A

In one direction

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9
Q

How does alternating current (AC) flow?

A

The direction of the flow changes periodically

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10
Q

What is the unit of measurement for electrical potential?

A

Volts (V)

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11
Q

What materials are typically attracted or repelled by magnetism?

A
  • Iron
  • Cobalt
  • Nickel
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12
Q

What creates a magnetic field around a wire?

A

An electric current flowing through the wire

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13
Q

What is the principle behind electromagnets?

A

Coiling a wire around a metal core and running an electric current through it

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14
Q

What are the two poles of a magnet?

A
  • North
  • South
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15
Q

What happens when opposite poles of magnets interact?

A

They attract

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16
Q

What happens when like poles of magnets interact?

A

They repel

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17
Q

What is the unit of measurement for the strength of a magnetic field?

A

Tesla (T)

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18
Q

What phenomenon occurs when changing magnetic fields create electric currents?

A

Electromagnetic induction

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19
Q

What devices utilize the principle of electromagnetic induction?

A
  • Generators
  • Transformers
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20
Q

What are electromagnetic waves?

A

Waves that result from the interaction between electricity and magnetism

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21
Q

Give examples of electromagnetic waves.

A
  • Light
  • Radio waves
  • X-rays
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22
Q

What is essential to modern communication and energy systems?

A

Electromagnetic waves

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23
Q

Understanding the relationship between electricity and magnetism helps explain which technologies?

A
  • Motors
  • Wireless communication systems
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24
Q
A
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25
What is an electromagnet?
A type of magnet created by passing an electric current through a coil of wire ## Footnote The coil is usually wrapped around a core made of iron or steel, which helps concentrate the magnetic field.
26
How can you make an electromagnet stronger?
By increasing the number of coils in the wire or increasing the current flowing through the wire ## Footnote Both factors boost the strength of the magnetic field.
27
What is electrostatics?
The study of static electricity or the build-up of electric charge on the surface of objects.
28
What causes electrostatic forces?
When electrons move from one material to another, creating a positive or negative charge.
29
What is electric current?
The flow of electric charge, typically measured in amperes (A).
30
What is potential difference?
The driving force that pushes electric charge through a circuit, measured in volts (V).
31
How is current measured?
Using an ammeter connected in series with the components of the circuit.
32
How is potential difference measured?
Using a voltmeter connected in parallel to the components.
33
What happens in a series circuit if one component breaks?
The entire circuit will stop working.
34
What is resistance?
The opposition to the flow of current in a circuit, measured in ohms (Ω).
35
What factors affect resistance?
* Material of the wire * Length of the wire * Thickness of the wire
36
What are the two poles of a magnet?
North pole and south pole.
37
What happens when like poles of magnets are brought together?
They repel each other.
38
What is an electric motor?
A device that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy.
39
How does an electric motor work?
By rotating a coil in a magnetic field, creating a force that turns the coil.
40
What is the difference between a magnetic field and an electric field?
* Magnetic field: Produced by magnets and electric currents, involves magnetic forces due to moving charges. * Electric field: Produced by charged objects, involves forces on other charges.
41
Fill in the blank: A magnetic field is a region around a magnet or a moving electric charge where _______ can be felt.
magnetic forces
42
True or False: In a parallel circuit, if one branch is broken, the other branches can still carry current.
True
43
Fill in the blank: Resistance can be controlled by adjusting the _______ or _______ of the wire.
thickness, length
44
What is an atom?
The basic building block of matter ## Footnote Atoms make up everything around us, including solids, liquids, and gases.
45
What are the three main subatomic particles of an atom?
Electrons, protons, and neutrons ## Footnote Each of these particles has distinct properties and roles within the atom.
46
What charge do electrons have?
Negatively charged ## Footnote Electrons are much smaller than protons and neutrons.
47
Where do electrons move within an atom?
In regions called electron shells or energy levels ## Footnote The movement of electrons creates an electric charge.
48
What determines the chemical properties of an atom?
The number of electrons ## Footnote In a neutral atom, the number of electrons equals the number of protons.
49
What is the atomic number of an atom?
The number of protons ## Footnote It determines which element the atom is.
50
What element has one proton?
Hydrogen ## Footnote The atomic number for hydrogen is 1.
51
What are neutrons?
Neutral particles found in the nucleus ## Footnote Neutrons help stabilize the nucleus.
52
What is the role of neutrons in an atom?
To stabilize the nucleus by balancing repulsive forces between protons ## Footnote The number of neutrons can vary, leading to different isotopes.
53
What happens when an atom gains electrons?
It becomes negatively charged (anion) ## Footnote This occurs when the balance between protons and electrons is disrupted.
54
What happens when an atom loses electrons?
It becomes positively charged (cation) ## Footnote Losing electrons creates an imbalance in charge.
55
How does electric current flow?
Due to the movement of electrons from one atom to another ## Footnote In a circuit, electrons flow from the negative terminal to the positive terminal.
56
What creates a magnetic field in relation to electric current?
The movement of electrons ## Footnote Moving charges create magnetic forces.
57
What is an electromagnet?
A device that controls the flow of electrons through a wire ## Footnote When current flows through a coil of wire, it creates a magnetic field.
58
What happens when a coil of wire is wrapped around an iron core?
The magnetic field becomes much stronger ## Footnote Electrons in the iron atoms align, reinforcing the magnetic effect.
59
Fill in the blank: The stronger the current, the stronger the _______ produced by the electromagnet.
magnetic field ## Footnote This relationship allows for the creation of powerful electromagnetic devices.
60
True or False: The behavior of atoms is essential for understanding how electricity and magnetism work.
True ## Footnote Manipulating the movement of electrons allows us to harness electrical energy.

physics (2 decks)

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