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Chemistry > Physics viva > Flashcards

Physics viva Flashcards

1
Q

Gate

A

A digital circuit that maintains a logical link between the input and the output voltages (either let/prohibit signal from passing)

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2
Q

Logic gate

A

Employed to convert one voltage level to another acc to a logic statement pertaining.
2. Only has one output although may have more than one input.

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3
Q

Truth table

A

Table which expresses the relationship between possible values of input and output voltages

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4
Q

Boolean algebra

A

Algebra based on binary nature of logic gates

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5
Q

Principle of project

A

Any boolean algebraic operation can be associated with the input and output which represents the statement of Boolean algebra

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6
Q

Components

A

Despite the complexity of the circuits, they can all be built using three fundamental components: an NPN transistor, resistance and a PN junction diode

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7
Q

Aim

A

To explore logic gates with their truth tables

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8
Q

Objectives

A

Explain basic logic operations (clarify fundamental logic operations), demonstrate circuit building (demonstrate building and simulating logic circuits), create truths (teach how to construct truths for logic gates)

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9
Q

Application

A

Computer science, electrical engineering, robotics, biology. Support modern computing and decision-making systems.

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10
Q

Forward, reverse biasing and their applications

A

When p side of diode connected to positive terminal forward.

zener Diode are connected in reverse bias for voltage regulation. When a PN junction diode is used in a rectifier circuit, it needs forward biasing.

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11
Q

Formula of finding resistance using metre bridge

A

X equals 100 minus L divided by L multiplied by R, Where L is the length of meter bridge wire, zero and up to balance point

For a balanced wheat stone bridge, R1 by R2 equals R3 by R4

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12
Q

Circuit diagram of metre bridge

A
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13
Q

Sources of error for finding resistance using meter bridge

A

the instruments screws may be loose

the plugs may not be clean.

The wire may not have uniform thickness

the screw gauge may have falls like backlash error and wrong pitch

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14
Q

Precautions for resistance using meter bridge

A

The connections should be neat, clean and tight

All the plugs in the resistance box should be tight

Move the jockey gently over the bridge wire and do not rub it

The plug in the key should be inserted only when observations are to be taken

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15
Q

Theory of finding the focal length of a convex mirror using a convex lens

A

F equals R/2

Because a convex mirror always forms a virtual image Its focal length cannot be found directly as for a concave mirror.

For this purpose, indirect method is used

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16
Q

Ray diagram for finding focal length of a convex mirror using a convex lens

A
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17
Q

Sources of error for optics

A

The uprights may not be vertical

Parallax removal may not be perfect

Focal length of lens may not be small

18
Q

Precautions for finding focal length of a convex mirror using a convex lens

A

Principal axis of the lens should be horizontal and parallel to the line of the optical bench

All the uprights should be vertical

The tip of the needle centre of the mirror and centre of the lens should be at the same height

Tip to tip parallel should be removed

19
Q

Theory of finding the focal length of a convex lens by plotting graphs between U and V

A

The relation between U, V and F for a convex lens is _ Lens formula_

20
Q

Ray diagram for finding the focal length of a convex lens by plotting graphs between U and V

A
21
Q

Precautions for finding focal length of a convex lens by plotting graphs between U and V

A

Tips of the object and image needle should lie at the same height at the centre of the lens

Parallax should be removed from tip to tip by keeping eye at a distance at least 30 cm away from the needle

The object needle should be placed at such a distance that only real, inverted image of it is formed

Index correction for U and V should be applied

22
Q

Theory for studying the variation in potential drop with length for a wire for a steady current

A

According to OMS law V equals IR also R equals ρl by A, put the above relations combined, give us V proportional to L

23
Q

Circuit diagram for studying the variation in potential drop with length for a wire for a steady current

A
24
Q

Common sources of error (activity)

A

Personal error (improper connection)
Resistance of wire
Instrumental error

25
Q

Precaution for correcting circuit

A
  1. All the electrical connections must be neat and tight.
  2. Switch On the power source when the circuit is connected properly.
  3. Avoid contacting circuits with wet hands or wet materials.
26
Q

Theory of correcting circuit

A

Circuit functional only when components in proper order (working)

Open circuit is break in circuit
-could be deliberate
-fault in circuit (broken wire, burnt/loose connection

27
Q

Circuit diagram for correcting circuit

A
28
Q

Circuit diagram for studying variation in potential drop with length

A
29
Q

Observation for metre bridge experiment

A

Length of wire of unknown resistance

Least count, zero error, zero correction of screw gauge

30
Q

Observation table for metre bridge experiment

A

Unknown resistance

Resistance box, position of balance point,s
Mean resistance
Resistivity
Respective errors

Diameter of wire

Reading along mutually perpendicular directions: MSR, CSD, diameter
Mean diameter

31
Q

Observation for correcting circuit

A

Correct connection, incorrect connection

32
Q

Observation for potential difference with length of wire

A

Range, least count, zero error of voltmeter

33
Q

Observation table for potential difference with length of wire

A

Length of potential wire, volt meter reading, Φ

34
Q

Calculation for metre bridge experiment

A

Calculate Ρ using formula

Error:
Delta S:directly differentiate, Max of S1 and S2
Delta radius ,delta l: least counts of measuring instruments

35
Q

Calculation for potential difference wire

A

φ = V/L

36
Q

Result of meter bridge, experiment

A

S, Ρ

37
Q

Result of correcting circuit

A

The electrical circuit assembled as per the corrected circuit diagram is functional

38
Q

Result of potential difference using wire

A

φ is found to be constant. The graph shows a linear relationship.

39
Q

Precaution for potential difference using wire

A

Adjust zero error of voltmeter and ammeter by adjusting screw at base of needle

Don’t press the wire too hard with the jockey to avoid non-uniformity

Check for wire uniformity

Current should remain constant throughout the experiment: monitored by ammeter, readjusted with rheostat, current drawn intermittently for short duration of time

40
Q

Observation of finding focal length of convex mirror using convex lens

A

Focal length of the convex lens
Actual length of index needle
Observed length of index needle
Index correction equals actual minus observed

41
Q
A

Chemistry (3 decks)

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