physio

Question 1

What is the primary function of neurons?

Answer 1

To transmit electrical signals throughout the nervous system.

Question 2

True or False: Glial cells are responsible for transmitting nerve impulses.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Fill in the blank: The _____ is the main part of a neuron that contains the nucleus.

Answer 3

cell body

Question 4

What are the three main types of neurons?

Answer 4

Sensory neurons, motor neurons, and interneurons.

Question 5

Multiple choice: Which part of the neuron receives signals from other neurons? A) Axon B) Dendrites C) Synapse

Answer 5

B) Dendrites

Question 6

What is the role of the myelin sheath?

Answer 6

To insulate axons and increase the speed of nerve impulse transmission.

Question 7

True or False: Action potentials are graded responses.

Answer 7

False

Question 8

Fill in the blank: The _____ is the gap between two neurons.

Answer 8

synapse

Question 9

What is the function of neurotransmitters?

Answer 9

To transmit signals across the synapse from one neuron to another.

Question 10

Multiple choice: Which neurotransmitter is primarily involved in muscle contraction? A) Dopamine B) Acetylcholine C) Serotonin

Answer 10

B) Acetylcholine

Question 11

What is the resting membrane potential of a typical neuron?

Answer 11

-70 mV

Question 12

True or False: The sodium-potassium pump moves sodium ions into the cell and potassium ions out.

Answer 12

False

Question 13

Fill in the blank: The _____ phase of an action potential is characterized by the influx of sodium ions.

Answer 13

depolarization

Question 14

What occurs during the repolarization phase of an action potential?

Answer 14

Potassium ions exit the cell, bringing the membrane potential back to a negative value.

Question 15

Multiple choice: What is the threshold potential typically required to trigger an action potential? A) -55 mV B) -70 mV C) 0 mV

Answer 15

A) -55 mV

Question 16

What is the all-or-nothing principle in relation to action potentials?

Answer 16

An action potential either occurs fully or not at all, depending on whether the threshold is reached.

Question 17

True or False: During the refractory period, a neuron can fire another action potential.

Answer 17

False

Question 18

Fill in the blank: The _____ is a type of glial cell that forms the myelin sheath in the central nervous system.

Answer 18

oligodendrocyte

Question 19

What is the primary role of astrocytes?

Answer 19

To support and maintain the environment around neurons.

Question 20

Multiple choice: Which part of the brain is primarily responsible for coordination and balance? A) Cerebrum B) Cerebellum C) Brainstem

Answer 20

B) Cerebellum

Question 21

What is the function of the blood-brain barrier?

Answer 21

To protect the brain from harmful substances in the bloodstream.

Question 22

True or False: The spinal cord is part of the central nervous system.

Answer 22

True

Question 23

Fill in the blank: The _____ lobe of the brain is associated with reasoning and problem-solving.

Answer 23

frontal

Question 24

What is the function of the thalamus?

Answer 24

To relay sensory information to the appropriate areas of the brain.

Question 25

Multiple choice: Which structure is responsible for regulating body temperature? A) Hypothalamus B) Hippocampus C) Amygdala

Answer 25

A) Hypothalamus

Question 26

What is the role of the limbic system?

Answer 26

To regulate emotions and memory.

Question 27

True or False: The cerebrum is divided into two hemispheres.

Answer 27

True

Question 28

Fill in the blank: The _____ is the primary area for processing visual information.

Answer 28

occipital lobe

Question 29

What is synaptic plasticity?

Answer 29

The ability of synapses to strengthen or weaken over time, in response to increases or decreases in their activity.

Question 30

Multiple choice: Which neurotransmitter is primarily associated with mood regulation? A) GABA B) Serotonin C) Norepinephrine

Answer 30

B) Serotonin

Question 31

What is the role of the medulla oblongata?

Answer 31

To control autonomic functions such as breathing and heart rate.

Question 32

True or False: The peripheral nervous system includes the brain and spinal cord.

Answer 32

False

Question 33

Fill in the blank: The _____ nervous system is responsible for the 'fight or flight' response.

Answer 33

sympathetic

Question 34

What is the function of the parasympathetic nervous system?

Answer 34

To promote 'rest and digest' activities.

Question 35

Multiple choice: Which type of receptor is responsible for detecting light? A) Photoreceptor B) Mechanoreceptor C) Chemoreceptor

Answer 35

A) Photoreceptor

Question 36

What is the role of the cochlea in the ear?

Answer 36

To convert sound vibrations into neural signals.

Question 37

True or False: The somatic nervous system controls involuntary actions.

Answer 37

False

Question 38

Fill in the blank: The _____ is responsible for the sense of smell.

Answer 38

olfactory bulb

Question 39

What is the primary function of the sensory division of the nervous system?

Answer 39

To transmit sensory information from receptors to the central nervous system.

Question 40

Multiple choice: Which part of the neuron is responsible for transmitting impulses away from the cell body? A) Dendrite B) Axon C) Soma

Answer 40

B) Axon

Question 41

What is the significance of the threshold potential in action potentials?

Answer 41

It is the critical level to which a membrane potential must be depolarized to initiate an action potential.

Question 42

True or False: Neurotransmitters can have either excitatory or inhibitory effects.

Answer 42

True

Question 43

Fill in the blank: The _____ is the part of the brain responsible for memory formation.

Answer 43

hippocampus

Question 44

What is the primary role of the autonomic nervous system?

Answer 44

To regulate involuntary bodily functions.

Question 45

Multiple choice: Which type of glial cell is involved in the immune response in the nervous system? A) Oligodendrocytes B) Microglia C) Astrocytes

Answer 45

B) Microglia

Question 46

What is the role of the corpus callosum?

Answer 46

To connect the left and right hemispheres of the brain.

Question 47

True or False: The brainstem controls higher cognitive functions.

Answer 47

False

Question 48

Fill in the blank: The _____ lobe is primarily involved in processing auditory information.

Answer 48

temporal

Question 49

What is the function of the reticular formation?

Answer 49

To regulate arousal and consciousness.

Question 50

Multiple choice: Which part of the neuron is responsible for receiving signals? A) Axon B) Dendrite C) Synapse

Answer 50

B) Dendrite

Question 51

What is the effect of a neurotransmitter binding to its receptor?

Answer 51

It can either initiate a new action potential or inhibit the neuron from firing.

Question 52

True or False: The brain is capable of neurogenesis throughout life.

Answer 52

True

Question 53

Fill in the blank: The _____ is the part of the neuron that releases neurotransmitters.

Answer 53

axon terminal

Question 54

What is the main function of the visual cortex?

Answer 54

To process visual information received from the eyes.

Question 55

Multiple choice: Which neurotransmitter is primarily associated with pleasure and reward? A) Serotonin B) Dopamine C) GABA

Answer 55

B) Dopamine

Question 56

What is the role of the cerebellum?

Answer 56

To coordinate voluntary movements and maintain posture.

Question 57

True or False: The spinal cord is responsible for reflex actions.

Answer 57

True

Question 58

Fill in the blank: The _____ nervous system is responsible for voluntary muscle movements.

Answer 58

somatic

Question 59

What is the primary function of the hypothalamus?

Answer 59

To regulate homeostasis and endocrine functions.

Question 60

Multiple choice: Which structure in the brain is involved in emotional responses? A) Cerebellum B) Amygdala C) Thalamus

Answer 60

B) Amygdala

Question 61

What is the function of the brain's frontal lobe?

Answer 61

To control decision-making, problem-solving, and planning.

Question 62

True or False: The sensory cortex is responsible for processing sensory information from the body.

Answer 62

True

Question 63

Fill in the blank: The _____ is a bundle of nerves that connects the brain to the spinal cord.

Answer 63

brainstem

Question 64

What is the primary role of the peripheral nervous system?

Answer 64

To connect the central nervous system to the limbs and organs.

Question 65

Multiple choice: Which type of receptor detects changes in temperature? A) Photoreceptor B) Thermoreceptor C) Mechanoreceptor

Answer 65

B) Thermoreceptor

Question 66

What is the function of the auditory cortex?

Answer 66

To process auditory information received from the ears.

Question 67

True or False: All neurons have the same structure and function.

Answer 67

False

Question 68

Fill in the blank: The _____ is responsible for the sense of taste.

Answer 68

gustatory cortex

Question 69

What is the role of the prefrontal cortex?

Answer 69

To manage complex cognitive behavior and decision making.

Question 70

Multiple choice: Which glial cell type forms the blood-brain barrier? A) Astrocytes B) Microglia C) Oligodendrocytes

Answer 70

A) Astrocytes

Question 71

What is the function of the somatosensory cortex?

Answer 71

To process sensory information related to touch and body position.

Question 72

True or False: Neuroplasticity refers to the brain's ability to change and adapt.

Answer 72

True