(Physio )Applied Anatomy And Physiology and movement analysis Flashcards
(96 cards)
1
Q
Head bone
A
Cranium
2
Q
Jaw bone
A
Mandible
3
Q
Shoulder blades
A
Scapula
4
Q
Upper arm bone
A
Humerus
5
Q
Lower arm bones
A
Radius and ulna
6
Q
Hand bones
A
Carpels, metacarpals and phalanges
7
Q
Collar bone
A
Clavicle
8
Q
Bones from neck through to bottom of back
A
Vertebrae
9
Q
Bum bone
A
Pelvic girdle
10
Q
Upper leg bone
A
Femur
11
Q
Knee bone
A
Patella
12
Q
Lower leg bones
A
Tibia and fibula
13
Q
Bones in foot
A
Tarsals, metatarsals and phalanges
14
Q
Flat bones
A
Protecting vital organs. (Eg pelvic gurdle, cranium, sternum, ribs, scapula)
15
Q
Long bones
A
Enable gross movements. (Eg femur, radius, ulna)
16
Q
Short bones
A
Enable finer and more controlled movement. (Eg: carpals and tarsals)
17
Q
Irregular bones
A
Specifically shaped bones to protect. ( eg vertebrae and mandible)
18
Q
Articulating bones at the shoulder
A
Scapula and humerus
19
Q
Articulating bones at the hip
A
Femur and pelvis
20
Q
Articulating bones t the elbow
A
Radius, ulna and humerus
21
Q
Articulating bones at the knee
A
Tibia, fibulae or femur
22
Q
Articulating bones at the ankle
A
Tibia, tarsals, fibular
23
Q
Functions of the skeleton
A
Support, protection, movement, structural shape, blood cell production and storage of minerals
24
Q
How does the skeleton produce movement?
A
They work as anchor points for muscles as they attach to them via tendons. As muscles contract, movement is enabled
25
How do bones produce blood cells?
They contain bone marrow in them which produces red and white blood cells.
26
What minerals do bones contain?
They store 99% of calcium and 85% of phosphorus.
27
Joint
Where 2 or more bones meet to allow movement
28
Synovial joint
A joint that’s freely moveable
29
Where are synovial joints located?
Shoulder, elbow, knee, ankle and hip
30
What are the two types of synovial joint?
Hinge
| Ball and socket
31
Hinge joint
Allow movement in one direction (eg elbow and knee).
32
Ball and socket
Head/ball of a long bone fitting into the cup like end of another bone tp allow movement in 3 dimensions in a rotary motion. (Eg shoulder and hip)
33
Fixed joint
A joint that allows little\no movement (eg skull).
34
Partially moveable joint
A joint with restricted movement.
35
Ligament
Connects bone to bone
36
Tendon
Connects bone to muscle
37
How does the ligament affect the knee joint ?
It stabilises the joint
38
How does cartilage affect the knee joint?
It acts as a shock absorber, reducing friction.
39
How does synovial fluid affect the knee joint.
It lubricates the joint.
40
How does the synovial membrane affect the knee joint?
It’s the joint lining that produces synovial fluid.
41
How does the tendon affect the knee joint?
It attaches the bone to muscle, enabling movement. Is nonelastic.
42
How does the join capsule affect the knee joint?
Encloses the joint, holding it together and preventing fluid from escaping.
43
How does the bursar affect the knee joint?
It reduces friction between the joint.
44
How does the patella aid the knee joint?
It enables knee extension.
45
Sesamoid
A bone within a tendon.
46
Flexión
Movement where the angle between the bones decrease
47
Extension
Movement where the angle between the bones increase.
48
Plantar flexion
Pointing of the foot towards the ground.
49
Doris flexion
Pointing of the foot towards the knee.
50
Abduction
Movement where limbs are moved away from the body.
51
Adduction
Movement where the limbs are moved back towards the body.
52
Rotation
Turning of a limb along its axis.
53
What can ball and socket joints do?
Rotation, adduction, abduction, flexion, extension
54
What can hinge joints do?
Flexion/extension
| Doris/plantar flexion
55
Antagonistic pairs working at the elbow
Biceps (antagonist)
| Triceps (agonist)
56
Antagonistic pair at the hip joint
```
Hip flexor (antagonist on adduction)
Gluteals (agonist)
```
57
Antagonistic pair at the knee joint
Quadriceps (antagonist)
| Hamstring (agonist on flexion)
58
Antagonistic pair at the ankle joint
```
Gastrocnemius (antagonist on dorsiflexion)
Tibialus anterior (agonist on Doris flexion)
```
59
Muscle at shoulder
Rotator cuff
60
Chest muscles
Pectorals
61
Stomach muscles
Abdominals
62
Muscle at hip
Hip flexor
63
Muscle on front of calf
Tibialus anterior
64
Back muscle
Deltoid
| Trapezium
65
Side muscles
Latissimus dorsi
66
Bum muscles
Gluteals
67
Bottom of thigh muscles
| Top of thigh
Hamstring
| Quadriceps
68
Calf muscle
Gastrocnemius
69
Ankle muscles
Saleus
70
Agonist
Prime mover
| Muscle that contracts to create movement
71
Antagonist
Muscle that relaxes to enable movement
72
Shoulder joint agonist in abduction vs adduction
Deltoid on abduction
| Lastissimus dorsi on adduction
73
Shoulder joint agonist on rotation
Rotator cuff
74
Isometric
Contractions at fixed joints where there’s no movement and therefore no change in muscle length. Is static.
Eg headstand and plank
75
Isotonic
Contraction with movement and therefore a change in muscle length.
Eg throwing a javelin.
76
Concentric isotonic
(Upwards) movement where the muscle shortens
77
Eccentric isotonic
(Downwards)
| Movement where the muscle lengthens.
78
Levers function
Allow us to create movement greater than force applied.
79
3 parts of a lever
Fulcrum
Load
Effort
80
Fulcrum
Fixed part of lever system, allowing pivoting.
81
Load
Weight that the lever must move, working against force of effort.
82
Effort
Force applied to move load/resistance.
83
3 classes of levers
First
Second
Third
84
First class lever system
Fulcrum in middle
85
Example of first class lever system
Tricep extension
F - elbow joint
L- weight
E- tricep
86
Lever system w highest medical advantage
2nd class lever system
87
2nd class lever system
Load in middle
88
Example of 2nd class lever system
Plantar flexion
F ball of foot
L body mass
E gastrocnemius
89
3rd class lever system
Effort in middle
90
3rd class lever system example
Bicep curl
F -elbow joint
E- bicep
L-weight
91
Formula for mechanical advantage
Effort arm/ resistance arm
92
High mechanical advantage
Positives?
Negatives?
1<
Larger forceproduced w same effort.
Smaller range of movement.
93
Plane
Imaginary flat surface running through body which movements happen parallel to.
94
Axis
Imaginary line perpendicular to planes about which body rotates/spins.
95
Sagittal plane
Vertical plane dividing body into left and right sides.
| Eg. Flexion/extension
96
Frontal plane
Plane dividing body into front and back.
| Eg. Abduction/ adduction
