Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Physio > Physio Block 4 Nervous > Flashcards

Physio Block 4 Nervous Flashcards

(72 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

The Main Function of the Nervous System

A

Coordinate Activity to maintain homeostasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the two cell types in Nervous Tissue?

A

Neurons and Neuroglia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Role of Neurons

A

*fxnl unit of nervous system
-excitability (respond to stimuli)
-conductivity (stim via elec signaling)
-secretion (elec signal –> secretion of signaling molecules)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Role of Neuroglia

A

*Support Cells (physical and regulatory)
*10x as many of these as neurons
*Communicate with Neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Oligodendrocytes

A

*CNS
cytoplasmic extension that wrap around axons- myelin sheath
-insulates axon
-increases speed of elec signals
-key part of white matter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Ependymal Cells

A

CNS
*Lines brain cavities and central canal of spinal cord
*separates fluid cavities filled with CSF
*Branched extensions monitor and adjust composition of CSF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Microglia

A

CNS
*Smallest of glial cells
*SECURITY FORCE!
Macrophage
destroys debris, waste, pathogens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Astrocytes

A

CNS
*largest and most of
*cytoplasmic extension
-regulates interstitium
-blood-brain barrier
-structural framework
-repair damaged tissue
-neuron development

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Satellite Cells Roles

A

PNS
-Support neurosomas in ganglia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Ganglia (plural)
Ganglion (individual)

A

nucleus of the PNS basically
*Cluster of nerve cell bodies in PNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Schwann

A

*Cover all PNS neurons
*Forms Myelin Sheath
*Secrete neurotrophic factors to direct growth and connections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Myelin

A

Protects and insulates axons
-increases transmission speed
-minimizes ion leakage by minimizing contact with ECF
-increases thickness by 100x

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

notable features of neurons

A

extreme longevity (>100 yrs)
amitotic- lose the ability to divide
High Metabolic Rate- requires continuous supply of glucose and O2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Dendrites

A

found on neurons
-thin branched extensions
-contain most types of organelles but not a nucleus
-it is a point of connection with other neurons
-receives signals-pass along to neurosoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Neurosoma

A

AKA soma
contains nucleus, mitochondria, lysosomes, golgi, rough ER, and ribosomes
-1/10 or less of cell volume
-extensive cytoskeleton

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Axon structure and functions

A

AKA Nerve Fiber
*Axon Hillock (origin point)
*vary in length 1 meter-1micrometer
*Transmits signal from cell body to axon terminal
*extensive cytoskeleton

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Terminal Arborization

A

*multiple branches that end in axon terminals
*each axon terminal forms a synapse with a target cell
*can use varicosities instead of synaptic vesicles?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Actual Proportion examples for a neuron

A

Somatic Motor Neuron:
neurosoma: tennis ball
Dendrites: bushy mass filling whole classroom
Axon= 1 mile long and narrower than a garden hose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

The CNS consists of

A

Brain and Spinal Cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

The PNS consists of

A

Nerves and Ganglia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Two functional Divisions of the PNS

A

Sensory (afferent) division
Motor (efferent division)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Sensory (afferent) division 2 types

A

somatic sensory-carry signals from skin or muscles that are consciously perceived
visceral sensory- INTERNAL sensitivity- such as fullness or blood pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

afferent division general fxn

A

neurons conduct signals from sensory receptors TOWARDS CNS.
Stimuli such as light, temperature, smell, pressure, etc.
Bipolar or unipolar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Motor (efferent) 2 types

A

Somatic Nervous System- Voluntary- directs skeleton for walking etc.
Autonomic Nervous System- involuntary fxns such as heart rate, digestion, gland secretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Efferent division general fxn
Carry info AWAY from CNS *synapse with effectors/target tissues *enlarged axon terminals/varicosities generate response *multipolar
26
Interneurons
CNS (completely within) Most numerous (90%) class of neuron CONNECTS the sensory and motor pathway 1) receive info 2) integrate info 3) dictate motor response by stimulating motor neurons *multipolar
27
subdivisions of Autonomic (involuntary) system
Sympathetic: prepares body for intense physical activity (fight or flight) Parasympathetic: promotes rest and recovery (rest and digest)
28
Tract
bundle of axons in CNS
29
Nerve
bundle of axons in PNS
30
Gray Matter
neurosomas,dendrites,synapses
31
White Matter
Axon bundles
32
Cranial Meninges roles
*protects underlying neural tissue *Anchors brain in the cranial cavity 3 Layers!! Dura, Arachnoid, and Pia Mater
33
cerebrospinal fluid
physical+chemical protection
34
Blood-Brain Barrier
protects brain from harmful particles in blood
35
Dura Mater
*Most Superficial *periosteal and meningeal layer (Periosteum does not continue to spinal cord) *Dural Sinuses form when space increases for blood collection
36
3 separation regions of meningeal layer folds
Falx Cerebri (btwn R and L cerebral hemispheres) Falx Cerebelli (btwn R and L cerebellar hemispheres) Tentorium cerebelli (between cerebellum and cerebrum)
37
Arachnoid Mater
subarachnoid space- filled with CSF Contains space for blood vessels
38
Pia Mater
*Thin, protective layer of tissue *Directly Covers nerves and neuroglia
39
CSF
100-160 ml in ventricles and canals of CNS -blood plasma, glucose, Na+, Cl, Mg, and other ions FXNS: shock+cushion, chemical protection, exchange nutrients+waste
40
Brain Ventricles
-Where CSF is formed -fluid-filled chambers within the brain -numbered according to CSF flow (4th Ventricles CSF empties into central canal of spinal cord)
41
5 Steps of CSF formation/flow
1) CSF secreted by Choroid plexus in ventricles 1 and 2 2) Flows into 3rd ventricle 3) cerebral aqueduct to 4th ventricle 4) flows out lateral apertures to fill subarachnoid space 5) reabsorbed through Arachnoid villi into venous sinuses
42
the BBB
least permeable capillaries in the body maintain stable environment for brain protects from hormones, neurotransmitters, and foreign substances
43
Astrocyte and endothelial cell role in the BBB
endothelial cells form tight junction Astrocytes extend foot process around endothelial cells to form a second barrier
44
What can and cannot cross the blood barrier
small, lipid soluble can cross (o2, co2, etc.) and Large lipids can move slowly - charged mlcls cannot cross glucose, amino acids, etc. must be transported
45
cerebral hemisphere made up of thesee 3 things
2 hemispheres connected by corpus callosum
46
how many lobes in each hemisphere
5 lobes Frontial, parietal, Temporal, Occipital, Insula
47
what is each lobe known for
occipital- vision temporal- auditory stimuli and memory parietal- stimuli related to touch, pressure, temperature, pain Frontal- reasoning, speech motor, emotions, problem solving Insula- visceral function, autonomic info
48
Cerebral Grey Matter
Cerebral cortex and Basal Nuclei -superficial -deep -initiate movement -cognition -perception -emotion
49
cerebral white matter
axons and bundles of fibers (tracts)
50
3 tract types and their roles
Projection Tracts -connection btwn brain and spine Commissural tracts -connection between cerebral hemispheres Association Tracts -Connection in same cerebral hemisphere
51
sensory info has both a ____ and a _____ area
primary sensory cortex and sensory association area
52
Multimodal Association
Combines info from multiple senses- complex interpretation
53
Multimodal Association Areas
Prefrontal Cortex- cognition, personality, recall Posterior- language, pattern recognition, position in space Limbic- emotional impact
54
Motor Division is part of what division of the Nervous system
Efferent
55
cerebral cortex voluntary motor areas
primary motor cortex, premotor cortex, Broca's (speech), frontal eye field
56
the two planners and coordinators of complex patterns
cerebellum and Basal nuclei
57
Aphasia
Inability to process language normally Wernicke's = fluent aphasia Broca's= non fluent aphasia
58
Categorical Left or right in hemisphere for right handed?
Left
59
Representational Left or right in hemisphere for Left handed?
70% right hemisphere
60
Categorical (left)
Reasoning, numbers, spoken and written language
61
Representational (left)
Imagination, music, creativity
62
Is diencephalon grey or white matter?
grey matter core of forebrain
63
Thalamus
key relay and processing center contains nuclei that handle all afferent input sensory, motor, emotion, learning, memory
64
hypothalamus
links nervous and endocrine system key for homeostasis thirst and temp, circadian rhythms, emotions
65
Epithalamus
superior and posterior to thalamus -pineal gland- uses visual info to help regulate light and dark cycles (sleeping!) -Habenular nuclei- emotional response to odor (smells like home)
66
Midbrain
auditory and visual reflexes (superior and inferior colliculi) controls eye movement
67
superior colliculi role
visual
68
inferior colliculi role
auditory
69
Pons
-relay between cerebrum and cerebellum (where cerebellum attaches to brain stem) -includes 4 cranial nerves thst control functions of the face -breathing, sleep, posture
70
Medulla
transition between brain and spinal INVOLUNTARY -vomit -swallow -cardiovascular -respiratory
71
limbic- system
emotional brain- memory and learning
72
Reticular Formation??
runs whole length of brain stem- projects to cerebral cortex key for- cardio sleep muscle tone pain habituation

Physio (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions