PHYSIO chapter 16 part 2

Question 1

What is the function of the respiratory system?

Answer 1

Oxygenate blood at the lungs (for the tissue) and remove CO2 from the tissue

Question 2

What is the function of the conducting zone?

Answer 2

Conduct air into the lungs

Question 3

what anatomic structures are involved in Conduction zone?

Answer 3

Nasal passage ⮕ nasal cavity ⮕ pharynx (throat) ⮕ larynx (voicebox) ⮕ trachea ⮕ R and L primary bronchi ⮕ secondary bronchi ⮕ tertiary bronchi ⮕ terminal bronchioles

Question 4

What is the function of the respiratory zone?

Answer 4

Site of pulmonary gas exchange

Question 5

what anatomical structures are involved in respiratory zone?

Answer 5

respiratory bronchioles ⮕ alveoli/alveolar sacs

Question 6

What zone is in the Lower Respiratory Tract?

Answer 6

Respiratory zone

Question 7

What zone is in the Upper respiratory tract?

Answer 7

Conducting zone

Question 8

Name the two parts of pulmonary ventilation

Answer 8

Inspiration and Expiration

Question 9

Inspiration

Answer 9

Breath in

Question 10

Expiration

Answer 10

Breath out

Question 11

What are the major muscles (discussed in class) involved in pulmonary ventilation/breathing?

Answer 11

Diaphragm, external intercostal muscles, and internal intercostal muscles

Question 12

Does the Diaphragm contracts in inspiration of expiration?

Answer 12

Diaphragm contracts in inspiration

Question 13

Does the Diaphragm relaxes in inspiration of expiration?

Answer 13

Diaphragm relaxes in expiration

Question 14

If diaphragm were to contract in inspiration, what will happen to the thoracic cavity ?

Answer 14

Lowers the diaphragm ( makes it flat ) and makes the thoracic cavity volume higher

Question 15

If diaphragm were to contract in expiration, what will happen to the thoracic cavity ?

Answer 15

raises the diaphragm ( makes it dome shape ) and makes the thoracic cavity volume smaller

Question 16

External intercostal muscles

Answer 16

Raises the rib cage during inspiration

Question 17

Internal intercostal muscles

Answer 17

Lowers the rib cage during forced expiration

Question 18

How are volume and pressure related to each other?

Answer 18

Inversely related

⬆Volume = ⬇Pressure

⬇Volume = ⬆Pressure

Question 19

What determines the direction of airflow?

Answer 19

Pressure gradient (pressure will always move from high to low)

Question 19

Define intrapulmonary pressure

Answer 19

pressure in lung/alveoli (values are dependent)

Question 20

Define atmospheric pressure

Answer 20

pressure in the atmosphere /outside the body (at sea level); 760 mmHg

Question 21

Define intrapleural pressure.

Answer 21

pressure in the pleural cavity

Question 22

TRUE or FALSE: Atmospheric pressure can decrease or increase depending on if the person is at rest, inhaling, or exhaling.

Answer 22

False, atmospheric pressure is constant because it is based on the environment

Question 23

What happens if intrapulmonary pressure is greater than intrapleural pressure

Answer 23

Intrapulmonary > intrapleural: lungs remain inflated

Question 24

What happens if intrapleural pressure is greater than intrapulmonary pressure?

Answer 24

Intrapleural > intrapulmonary: lungs will collapse

Question 25

Why is there no air movement at rest?

Answer 25

There is no air movement at rest because the atmospheric pressure and intrapulmonary pressure are the same (for a short period of time)

Question 26

Why is intrapleural pressure always below 760 mm Hg in a healthy person? (hint – what do the alveoli & chest wall naturally want to do?)

Answer 26

Alveoli wants to recoil inward while the chest wall wants to recoil outwards

Question 27

If intrapleural pressure is 754 mm Hg and intrapulmonary pressure is 757 mm Hg, what will happen?

Answer 27

Inspiration, because the intrapulmonary pressure is greater than the intrapleural pressure (lungs are inflating)