physio lecture 1 inför seminar

Question 1

What is an experimental study?

Answer 1

An experimental study is one in which one or more factors are changed and the effects are observed. For example, we can measure the vital capacity of a group of people, then have them participate in weekly physical activities of predetermined duration and intensity, and measure their vital capacity again after several weeks. This will allow us to determine if physical activity affects vital capacity. It is used to show/establish cause-and-effect relationships and to answer questions about how things work.

Question 2

What is a randomized control study?

Answer 2

is a type of scientific experiment. people are randomly split into groups. the control group receives the standard treatment and the other group receives the experimental treatmeant. this helps to make sure that any differences in the results are caused by the special treatment and not something else.

Question 3

randomized control study group

Answer 3

is done to compare the effects of different treatments.

Question 4

what is important to ensure when it comes to randomized study group?

Answer 4

it is important to ensure that both groups have people with similar ages, heights, sexes and weights.

Question 5

why are control groups used?

Answer 5

they are used to compare the effects of an intervention on a study group.

Question 6

What can be done if an experiment cannot be done due to ethical reasons?

Answer 6

If an experiment cannot be done due to ethical reasons, animals may be used, but ethical considerations must still be taken into account.

Question 7

What are ethical considerations?

Answer 7

Ethical considerations are the principles of right and wrong that guide the behviour of a person or group of people.

Question 8

the difference between randomized and non-randomized study group?

Answer 8

A randomized study group is a group of individuals that have been randomly selected to participate in a research study. Non-randomized study groups, however, are groups of individuals that have been purposely selected to participate in a research study.

Question 9

What is a control group?

Answer 9

A control group is a group of individuals in a research study who do not receive the intervention or treatment being tested.

Question 10

Why is it important to have similar ages, heights, sexes, and weights in a randomized control study?

Answer 10

Having similar ages, heights, sexes, and weights in a randomized control study is important to ensure that any observed effects are due to the intervention and not some outside factor.

Question 11

What is a randomized control study?

Answer 11

A randomized control study is a research study where two groups of individuals are randomly split into either the treatment group or the control group.

Question 12

Why are observational studies popular?

Answer 12

Observational studies are popular because they are cheaper, simpler, and can involve a large number of people.

Question 13

What is an observational study?

Answer 13

An observational study is a research method where we measure certain parameters in a study group to find the connection between them. For example measuring physical acitivity levels and vital capacity size in a certain group of people we can look at the connection between whether physically active or inactive people have greater vital capacity.

Question 14

What types of connections can observational studies show?

Answer 14

Observational studies can show correlations between parameters, but cannot prove cause and effect relationships.

Question 15

What are the four types of passive transport mechanisms?

Answer 15

Diffusion, osmosis, filtration, electro kinetic transport.

Question 16

what are passive transport mechanisms?

Answer 16

are processes that allow substances to move across the cell membrane without any need of energy from an outside source.

Question 17

How does passive transport occur?

Answer 17

Passive transport occurs without any need of energy from an outside source.

Question 18

Diffusion

Answer 18

is the movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.

Question 19

Osmosis

Answer 19

is the diffusion of water molecules from an area of low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration.

Question 20

Filtration

Answer 20

is the movement of molecules through a membrane with the assistance of a pressure difference.

Question 21

Electro kinetic transport

Answer 21

is the movement of charged molecules across a membrane with the assistance of an electrical gradient.

Question 22

Primary Active Transport

Answer 22

Direct movement of molecules across the cell membrane using energy, usually in the form of ATP.

Question 23

Secondary Active Transport

Answer 23

Indirect movement of molecules across the cell membrane using energy from a primary active transport process.

Question 24

Endocytosis

Answer 24

Process by which a cell takes in molecules from the outside environment.

Question 25

Phagocytosis

Answer 25

Type of endocytosis where molecules are enclosed in small vesicles and brought inside the cell.

Question 26

Pinocytosis

Answer 26

Type of endocytosis where molecules are absorbed into the cell.

Question 27

Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis

Answer 27

Type of endocytosis where molecules are enclosed in vesicles and brought inside the cell with the help of receptors.

Question 28

Exocytosis

Answer 28

Process by which a cell expels molecules from the inside to the outside environment