[PHYSIO] MUSCLE TONE DISORDERS

Question 1

Causes of hypotonia/flaccidity (6)

Answer 1

Neocerebellar lesion
Chorea
LMNL
Acute UMNL
Area 4 lesion
Increased Ca2+ levels

Question 2

Decorticate rigidity is caused by lesion in

Answer 2

Upper midbrain
Above superior colliculus

Question 3

Decerebrate rigidity is caused by lesion in?

Answer 3

lower midbrain (between superior colliculus & inferior colliculus)
Or
Upper pons

Question 4

Decorticate rigidity severity

Answer 4

Moderate

Question 5

Decerebrate rigidity severity

Answer 5

Marked‼️

Question 6

Rubrospinal tract activity in decorticate rigidity

Answer 6

Intact

Question 7

Rubrospinal tract activity in decerebrate rigidity

Answer 7

Decreased

Question 8

Vestibulospinal tract activity in decorticate rigidity

Answer 8

Intact

Question 9

Vestibulospinal tract activity in decerebrate rigidity

Answer 9

Intact

Question 10

UL in decorticate rigidity

Answer 10

Flexed+adducted

Question 11

LL+ head&neck in decorticate rigidity

Answer 11

Extended

Question 12

UL in decerebrate rigidity

Answer 12

Extended

Question 13

LL+ head&neck in decerebrate rigidity

Answer 13

Extended

Question 14

Motor neuron activity in decorticate rigidity

Answer 14

Increased gamma motor neuron

Question 15

Motor neuron activity in decerebrate rigidity

Answer 15

Increased alpha & gamma motor neuron activity

Question 16

Spasticity definition

Answer 16

Initial resistance to passive movement followed by sudden release

Question 17

Rigidity definition

Answer 17

Sustained resistance all throughout movement

Question 18

Spasticity is caused by lesion in

Answer 18

UMNL

Question 19

Rigidity is caused by lesion in

Answer 19

Substantia nigra

Question 20

Spinal motor neuron activity in spasticity

Answer 20

Increased gamma motor neuron activity

Question 21

Spinal motor neuron activity in rigidity

Answer 21

Increased alpha & gamma motor neuron activity
MAINLY ALPHA

Question 22

Affected muscles in spasticity

Answer 22

Antigravity muscles

Question 23

Affected muscles in rigidity?
Exception?
Mainly affected muscles?

Answer 23

All head and body muscles
Except= extraocular muscles
Mainly=Flexors

Question 24

Direction of resistance in spasticity

Answer 24

Unidirectional

Question 25

Direction of resistance in rigidity

Answer 25

Bidirectional

Question 26

Effect of velocity on spasticity

Answer 26

Velocity dependent

Question 27

Effect of velocity on rigidity

Answer 27

No effect

Question 28

Character of rigidity in spasticity

Answer 28

Clasp knife

Question 29

Character of rigidity in rigidity hypertonia

Answer 29

Cog wheel Lead pipe

Question 30

Example of rigidity characterized by continuous resistance

Answer 30

Lead pipe

Question 31

Example of rigidity characterized by interrupted resistance

Answer 31

Cog wheel

Question 32

Deep reflexes in spasticity

Answer 32

Exaggerated Hyperreflexia

Question 33

Deep reflexes in rigidity

Answer 33

Normo-reflexia