Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Gastrointestinal - Physiology > Physio Questions > Flashcards

Physio Questions Flashcards

1
Q

Differentiate the action of the CCK1 and 2 receptors?
• what hormone works on these receptors?
• what determines which one it favors?

A

CCK1 receptor:
• Contracts the gallbladder
• Acted on ONLY by CCK that has been SULFATED at the 7th position

CCK2 receptor:
• Releases gastrin
• Receptors for NON-sulfated CCK and acts to stimulated parietal cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

T or F: GI hormones must pass through the liver AND the heart before reaching there target

A

True, they are released on the basolateral side and must travel through the portal vein and into systemic circulation before it gets to the arterial supply for the given cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

T or F: patients with ZE often present with a gastric ulcer?

A

False

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Which Neurotransmitter(s) is/are released from sympathetic neurons?

A

NE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Which Neurotransmitter(s) is/are released from parasympathetic neurons?

A

Ach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Which Neurotransmitter(s) is/are released from enteric neurons?

A

Ach
VIP
NO
GRP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What structure do afferent signals get integrated at to create efferent peristalsis in the esophagus?

A

Nucleus Ambiguus of the Vagus

note the secondary peristaltic wave is not affected significantly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What happens to pressure in different parts of the esophagus as we breath?

A

Above Diaphragm:
• Pressure drops in the esophagus with inhalation and increases with exhalation

Below Diaphragm:
• the opposite would likely be true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What nerve and/or mediators are responsible for receptive relaxation of the stomach?

A

Vagus N is responsible for receptive relaxation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What does increased fat content in a meal do to the segmental contractions in the small intestine?

A

Increased Fat increases the NUMBER of duodenal SEGMENTING contractions

This is because fat stimulates CCK release which mediates the effect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Does amplitude or frequency of slow waves change during MMCs in the stomach?

A

Amplitude INCREASES in the atrum, frequency is unchanged

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What type of response is receptive relaxation?

• what is the mediator?

A

Receptive relaxation is a VASOVAGAL response
• VIP is the mediator

**Note: cutting the vagus just above the diaphragm would ruin this response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the effect of CCK on gastric emptying ?
• what stimulates its release?
• what else does it do?

A

CCK slows down gastric emptying and increases gallbladder contraction to increase fat absorption

Fat in the duodenum stimulates its release

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

If a region of the intestine can contract at all then the slow waves are happening and the enteric NS is likely in tack. So what does it mean if there is only weak contractions in somewhere like the small intestine ?

A

Suggests that its likely a muscle disorder causing weakness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What type of contractions in the intestine occur at intervals allowed by slow waves, but have contractions occur seemly at random when monitored at 3 different loci?

A

This is indicative of segmental contractions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Remember that when the colon is distended the ileocecal valve contracts

A

Remember that when the colon is distended the ileocecal valve contracts

17
Q

T or F: segemental contractions of the colon occur more often than do peristaltic contractions

A

True

18
Q 
T or F: all of the following cause relaxation of the ileocecal sphincter: 
•Eating a meal 
• Distention of the Ileum
• Injection of Gastrin
• Injection of CCK
A

True

19
Q

How does the concentration of water in saliva change at high flow rate and low flow rate?

A

High Flow Rate:
• More Na+, Cl-, slightly less K+, and slightly more HCO3-
• This means at high flow rate the concentration of water is lower

20
Q

What part of response to a meal would be completely prevented by vagotomy?

A

Cephalic

21
Q

Why does the amount of H+ in gastric secretions increase with the rate of secretion according to the two component model of gastric acid secretion?

A

There is an increase in VOLUME of parietal cell secretions (NOT an increase in the concentration of H+ secreted by these cells)

22
Q

What nutrients stimulate gastrin?

A

Peptides only

23
Q

In a patient that is born without pepsin, how much would there digestion of protein be affected?

A

Protein digestion would only be affected minimally by the lack of pepsin

24
Q

What is the only GASTRIC phase in which acetylcholine mediates the release of gastrin?

A

In the GASTRIC phase - via the vasovagal reflex

In the cephalic phase GRP stimulates the release of gastrin

25
Q

T or F: vagal stimulation directly stimulates pancreatic enzyme release

A

True

26
Q

Which phase of digestion is the pancreatic response most prominent?

A

The INTESTINAL phase

27
Q

T or F: Pancreatic bicarbonate is secreted primarily in the gastric phase of digestion.

A

False, it occurs mostly in the intestinal phase and **IS SECRETED IN AMOUNTS APPROXIMATELY EQUAL TO GASTRIC ACID

28
Q

Are pancreatic enzymes secreted in response to sham feeding?

A

Yes, but the DUCTAL CELLS ARE NOT so there is no major increase in HCO3 or the volume of pancreatic fluid

29
Q

Does the osmolality of the bile change in the gallbladder?

• why or why not?

A

NO, only Na and Cl are absorbed and water follows so the solution stays at the same concentration overall, but there is an increase in the proportion of bile salts and of K+

30
Q

What absorption of what sugar would not be affected by hypoxia in enterocytes?

A

Fructose, it is absorbed by GLUT5 in a passive mech

31
Q

Where is enterokinase located?

A

Brush Border

32
Q

What is the function of Co-lipase?

A

Prevents inactivation by bile salts

33
Q

Why are most medium chain fatty acids not found in chylomicrons?

A

They are absorbed directly into the blood.

34
Q

Note: Cholesterol does NOT act as a good emulsifying agent, Bile salts, fatty acids, lecithin, and dietary protein do

A

Note: Cholesterol does NOT act as a good emulsifying agent, Bile salts, fatty acids, lecithin, and dietary protein do

35
Q

How is chloride absorbed in the distal ileum and colon?

A

Absorbed mostly through Cl- being exchanged for HCO3-

36
Q

Remember Na and Cl are CO-transported in the small intestine

A

Remember Na and Cl are CO-transported in the small intestine

37
Q

T or F: ouabain can inhibit Cl- secretion in the small intestine.

A

True, for the cAMP activated Cl- secretion channel to work, the NaK2Cl channel must be influxing ions, for this channel to work Na must be traveling down its concentration gradient

38
Q

Somatostatin inhibits both gastrin secretion and parietal cell acid secretion when the antrum is acidified

A

Somatostatin inhibits both gastrin secretion and parietal cell acid secretion when the antrum is acidified

Gastrointestinal - Physiology (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions