Physiological

Question 1

Fraz Gall

Answer 1

developed doctrine of phrenology –> if a particular trait were developed, then the part of the brain responsible for that trait would expand

Question 2

Pierre Flourens

Answer 2

1st person to study the functions of the major sections of the brain –> ablation

Question 3

William James

Answer 3

important to study how the mind functioned in adapting to the enviornment—> functionalism

Question 4

John Dewey

Answer 4

believed that psychology should focus on the study of the organism as a whole as it functioned to adapt to the environment

Question 5

sensory neurons

Answer 5

transmit sensory info from receptors to the spinal cord & brain

Question 6

motor neurons

Answer 6

transmit motor info from brain & spinal cord to the muscles

Question 7

interneurons

Answer 7

( most numerous) linked to reflexive behavior

Question 8

afferent fibers

Answer 8

sensory neurons transmit info through these fibers (ascend to brain)

Question 9

efferent fibers

Answer 9

motor impulses (exit brain)

Question 10

Autonomic Nervous System

Answer 10

regulates heartbeat, respiration, digestion & glandular secretions–>involuntary muscles–>automatic/involuntary

  - sympathetic: fight or flight
  - parasympathetic: resting & digestion

Question 11

Brain stem

Answer 11

• hindbrain: balance, motor coordination, breathing, digestion, general arousal processes
• midbrain: sensorimotor reflexes; receives sensory & motor info

Question 12

Forebrain

Answer 12

associated w/ complex perceptual, cognitive & behavioral processes; emotion & memory –> has greatest influence on human behavior

Question 13

Limbic system

Answer 13

emotion and memory

Question 14

Cerebral cortex

Answer 14

language processing to problem solving, impulse control, long term planning

Question 15

medulla oblongata

Answer 15

regulates vital functions

Question 16

pons

Answer 16

contains sensory & motor tracts between the cortex & the medulla

Question 17

cerebellum

Answer 17

helps maintain posture & balance & coordinates body movements

Question 18

reticular formation

Answer 18

regulates arousal, alertness (sleeping and waking), and attention

Question 19

superior colliculus

Answer 19

receives visual sensory input

Question 20

inferior colliculus

Answer 20

receives sensory info from the auditory system

Question 21

hypothalamus

Answer 21

controls release of pituitary hormones; homeostatic functions

Question 22

Broca’s area

Answer 22

speech production

Question 23

Wernicke’s area

Answer 23

language comprehension

Question 24

norepinephrine

Answer 24

controls alertness and wakefulness

Question 25

dopamine

Answer 25

movement and posture

Question 26

serotonin

Answer 26

regulating mood, eating, sleeping & arousal

Question 27

epinephrine

Answer 27

fight or flight response

Question 28

GABA

Answer 28

produces inhibitory postsynaptic potentials and is thought to play an important role in stabilizing neural activity in the brain

Question 29

pituitary

Answer 29

"master gland"; triggers hormone secretion in many other endocrine glands

Question 30

Thyroid

Answer 30

metabolism rate; growth and development

Question 31

adrenal medulla

Answer 31

produces adrenaline, which increases sugar output of liver; also increases heart rate; "flight or fight" or response

Question 32

aphasia

Answer 32

impairment of language functions

Question 33

amnesia

Answer 33

impairment of memory functions

Question 34

agnosia

Answer 34

impairment in perceptual recognition of object

Question 35

apraxia

Answer 35

impairment of skilled motor movement

Question 36

James-Lange Theory

Answer 36

become aware of our emotions after we notice our physiological reaction stop some external event

Question 37

Cannon-Bard Theory

Answer 37

awareness of emotions reflects our physiological arousal and our cognitive experience of emotion

Question 38

Schacter-Singer Theory

Answer 38

the subjective experience of emotion is based on the interaction between changes in physiological arousal and cognitive interpretation of that arousal