Physiological

Question 1

Ejection fraction =

Answer 1

Amount of blood out of ventricle / tot amount of blood in ventricle

Question 2

Explain the Bohr shift

Answer 2

It is a shit to the right
When there is an increase in CO2
It causes a reduction of affinity to oxygen

Question 3

Myogenic

Answer 3

The capacity of the heart to generate its own impulses

Question 4

Factors of slow twitch (type 1)

Answer 4

Have a high mitochondrial density
High myoglobin
Slower contraction
Better adapted for aerobic excersise

Question 5

Fast muscle fibres (type 2x)

Answer 5

More force produced
Higher fatigue
Low mitochondrial density
White in colour

Question 6

What is the all or none law

Answer 6

His nerves either fire all at once or none at all

Question 7

Spatial summation

Answer 7

When the length of contraction changes altering the number and size of contraction

Question 8

Wave summation

Answer 8

A repeated nerve impulse with no time to relax in between - sustained contraction

Question 9

What do muscle spindles do

Answer 9

Detect change in length
Cause muscle to contract preventing overstretching

Question 10

Golgi tendon role

Answer 10

They detect increased tension in the muscles
Will detect overstretching causing the muscle to relax

Question 11

Isometric contraction

Answer 11

No change in length to muscles - plank

Question 12

Isotonic concentric contraction

Answer 12

Shortening of the muscle - quad in upward phase of squat

Question 13

Isotonic eccentric contraction

Answer 13

The lengthening of the muscle

Question 14

The 4 main stages in the aerobic system

Answer 14

Glycolysis
Acetyl COA
Kerb cycle
Electron transfer system

Question 15

Vitamin B1

Answer 15

Cereals / lentils
Converts food to energy
Helps with metabolism
Maintains healthy bones

Question 16

Vitamin c

Answer 16

Fruits
Protects cells
Maintains bones

Question 17

Vitamin d

Answer 17

Sun exposure
AIDS healthy bones

Question 18

Vitamin B2+B3

Answer 18

Dairy products
Breaks down and releases energy
Maintains nervous system

Question 19

B6

Answer 19

Meat and fish
Helps form haemoglobin
Helps body use and store proteins

Question 20

Vitamin b12

Answer 20

Red meat and dairy products
Helps make red blood cells

Question 21

Calcium

Answer 21

Dairy foods
Strong bones
Efficient muscle functions

Question 22

Iron

Answer 22

Red meat
Helps form haemoglobin
Oxygen has a better affinity to red blood cells

Question 23

Sodium

Answer 23

Salts
Helps regulate fluid levels in the body

Question 24

What is the effectiveness of caffeine

Answer 24

Increases mental alertness
Reduces fatigue
Fats can be used as energy
Causes dehydration and loosing of fine control

Question 25

What is the effectiveness of creatine

Answer 25

Aims to improve muscle mass Provides atp Can hinder aerobic performance Causes muscle cramps

Question 26

What is the effectiveness of sodium bicarbonate

Answer 26

It can delay fatigue Reduces acidity in the muscles Can cause vomiting and cramps

Question 27

Why do performers take drugs

Answer 27

Peer pressure Win at all cost s Not enough detterants Poor role models

Question 28

How to decrease the use of drugs in sport

Answer 28

Educating people Bigger punishments New testing Name and shame negative role models

Question 29

Why take anabolic steroids

Answer 29

Aid storage of protein Promote muscle growth Less fat in the muscle Can train for longer harder Can cause liver damage , loss of testosterone

Question 30

Beta blockers

Answer 30

Help calm individual Improves accuracy and presision They keep heart rate low Can cause tiredness and slower hr affecting aerobic capacity

Question 31

EPO

Answer 31

Natural hormone that produces red blood cells Increases oxygen carrying capacity Can cause blood clotting and strokes

Question 32

Factors affecting stability

Answer 32

Height Area of base Positio; of line of gravity Mass of performer

Question 33

What is periodisation

Answer 33

Dividing the training year into different sections

Question 34

What is tapering

Answer 34

Reducing the volume of training prior to the competitions

Question 35

Peaking

Answer 35

Organising training so that a performer is at their peak bot( physically and mentally

Question 36

What is PNF

Answer 36

Develops flexibility Passive stretching CRAC

Question 37

How can hyperbaric chamber aid a performer

Answer 37

Increased pressure of oxygen Increase in haemoglobin saturation Increase oxygen dissolved in plasma so more to. The injured sight

Question 38

What is cryotherapy

Answer 38

Cooling treatment Causes vasoconstriction When u leaves causes vasodilation allowing fresh o2 to the injured sight

Question 39

Hydrotherapy

Answer 39

Water treatment Decreases the pressure on the weight bearing muscles Helps with muscle relaxation

Question 40

Forces in linear motion

Answer 40

Vertical forces - reaction force + weight Horizontal force - frictional force and air resistance

Question 41

What is angular motion

Answer 41

Movement around a fixed position Dependant on distribution of mass To go slower move away from the centre line

Question 42

Factors affecting projectiles

Answer 42

Speed of release Height of release Angle of release

Question 43

What is parabola

Answer 43

A curve which matches I On both sides

Question 44

How to reduce drag

Answer 44

The velocity of the moving body The cross section area Shape and surface

Question 45

The two types of drag

Answer 45

Surface drag -friction between surface and fluid environment Form drag - forces affecting an object to increase form drag and force

Question 46

What is the Bernoulli’s principle

Answer 46

Where air molecules exert lower pressure the faster they travel

Question 47

Epoc

Answer 47

The amount of oxygen consumed during recovery and rest period

Question 48

What is the fast component in EPOC

Answer 48

Restoration of ATP and desaturation of myoglobin

Question 49

What is the slow component of EPOC

Answer 49

removal of lactic acid and glycogen replenishment

Question 50

How can you work out energy expenditure

Answer 50

Indirect calorimetry - calculates heat in physical changes Lactate sampling - how much lactate is present In blood Spirometer

Question 51

Partial pressure

Answer 51

The pressure excreted by an individual gas when it exits

Question 52

Moment of intertia

Answer 52

Is the distribution of the mass from the axis of rotation

Question 53

Moment of intertia

Answer 53

Is the distribution of the mass from the axis of rotation

Question 54

Angular velocity

Answer 54

The rate of rotation motion around axis of rotation