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Physiology Winter 2012 > Physiology 11.28.12 ANS 1 > Flashcards

Physiology 11.28.12 ANS 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is NTS?

A

nuclues tractus soliatrius

major lower brainstem command center for control of peripheral organs

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2
Q

What is the role of hypothalamus

A

coordinates autonomic output and regulates feeding, body temp, circadian rhythm, emotion, exual drive, and other brain functions

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3
Q

Where are the cell bodies of preganglionic nueonrs of sympathetic division lovated?

A

intermediolateral horn of psinal cord

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4
Q

Where do axons of myelinated preganglionic neurons leave the spinal cord?

A

via VENTRAL ROOTS

at level T1-L3 (thoracolumbar)

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5
Q

Where do preganglionic neurons make synapse with postganglionic neurons??

A

in PARAVERTEBRAL sympathetic chain ganglia
upper chain ganglia merge into superior, middle and inferior cervical ganglia

or in the PREVERTEBRAL COLLATERAL ganglia (celiac, superior and inferior mesenteric ganglia)

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6
Q

Where do nonmyelintated axons of postganglionic neruosntravel ?

A

form these chaisnn and colaleratal ganglia to teh TISSUE THAT THEY INNERVATE

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7
Q

What is the exception to the 2-neuron rule for the sympathetic pathway?

A

Adrenal gland (medulla)!

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8
Q

What does adrenal gland (medulla) secrete?

A

90% Epinephrine

10% NE

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9
Q

What muscles are innervated by sympathetic system?

A

hair follicles
secretion of sweat glagnds
certain BV in skeletal muscles

This is via Sympathetic Cholinergic Pathway

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10
Q

What is the transmitter at the autonomic ganglia of sympathetic pathway

A

Ach

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11
Q

What combines together to make Ach

A

Chonline and acetylCoA combine to form ACh

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12
Q

Is the action of ACh short-lasting or long-lasting?

A

Short-lasting

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13
Q

What are the two ACh receptors

A
  1. Nicotinic - ion channel; multimer with several subunits

2. Muscarinic - one subunit, 7 TM, G protein 2nd messenger signaling

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14
Q

Which type of Ach receptors are predominant at sympathetic autonomic ganglia?

A

NICOTINIC!

Nicotinic is much faster than muscarinic in actino

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15
Q

Is the beta 2 adrenergic receptor closer to nicotinic or musscarinic receptor

A

it’s more similar to muscarinic

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16
Q

What is the predominant form of ACh receptor?

A

Nicotinic R are predominantly expressed!

keep in mind both are expressed though

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17
Q

What are the similarireis of nACH receptors in autonomic ganglia vs nACH R in skeletal? What type of Nicotinic R in each?

A

Same general structure

Different amino acid seqeunces

Sk muscle: N1 type Receptor

Autonomic neuron: N2 type receptor

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18
Q

What is the role of the muscarinic R

A

less abundantly expressed (compared to nictonici)

modulate strength of depolarization that is necessary for generation of repetitive AP firings

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19
Q

What is Decdamethonium?

Study These Flashcards
A

stimulates N1

20
Q

What is Tubocurare

21
Q

What is Teteramethylammonium

Study These Flashcards
A

Stimulates N2

22
Q

How many isoforms of MUSCARINIC R are tehre

Study These Flashcards
A

M1-M5

will ony discuss M1-M3

23
Q

What happens when Ach action on M1/M3

Study These Flashcards
A

coupled to PLC –> IP3 & DAG by PIP2

24
Q

What happens when M1/M3 recepetors decreases PIP2 in membrane

Study These Flashcards
A

level of PIP2 in membrane ins reduced due to its degradation by PLC -> inhibits active K+ curren (M current) –> produces small membrane depolarization

Increases excitability of the membrane, and allows repetiive firing of the neuron

25
Whawt does Ach action on muscarinic receptors regualte
strength of innervatino of the organ enchansces predominant Nicotinic effect) --> repetitive firing
26
What is the role of M2 receptor
coupled to AC and K+ channel
27
Which amino acids are precursors for the synthesis of Catecholiamines
Catacholamines = NE and Epi Phe and Tyr are essential aa that are precursors for catecholaimnes
28
which catecholamines
NE Epi Dopamine (within CNS)
29
What are two major subtypes of adrenergic R
alpha beta
30
Difference between the binding of NE and Epi with adrenergic recetpros
Epi binds to B2 NE doesn't bind to B2 difference in receptor specificity
31
What are main receptors expressed in heart (myocytes)
beta 1
32
which receptors are predominantly expressed in SM of vasculature
alpha 1 | Beta 2
33
What receptors woudl NE act on?
B1 receptors of heart alpha 1 (not beta 2) R in BV SM
34
main effect of Alpha 1 R
contractile effecet on SM via IP3-Ca
35
Effect of Beta 1 and Beta 2
similar signaling pathway up to PKA any difference in actions would be distal to PKA Protien targets of PKA scould be different
36
Effect of alpha 2 receptor
effect is small when AC activity and [cAMP] levels low not well expressed in vascular SM cells and not significantly invovled in BP regulation by sympathetic NS
37
What happens when NE is added to solution of perfusing heart
yes
38
Where are cell bodies of preganglionic neurons of Parasympathetic division ?
Cranial protion of brainstem and in Sacral sements of spinal cord CRANIOSACRAL
39
Which cranial nerves supply parasympethic system
3 oculumotor 7 facial 9 glossopharyngeal 10 vagus
40
does preganglionic neuron long or short?
long! and terminates close to effector organ
41
What is the significance of the epinephrine effect
Various vascular beds react differently to epineprhine REDISTRIBUTION OF BLOOD OCCURS Decrease BF (hands, feet, skin alpha1> beta2) Incraese skeletal muscle BF (Beta2 >>alpha1 effect) Beta2- also stimualtes glucose produciton--for energy
42
What is the effect of epinephrine for cutaneous blood flow (hands, feet, skin)
alpha1 R > beta2 R therefore, Gi --> dcrease cutaneous BF
43
What is the effect of epinephrine on skeletal muscle blood flow
beta2 R >> alpha1 R therefore Gs >> Gi Increase sk. muscle BF B2 also stimulates glucose production for energy
44
How does PS affect BV?
cholinergic innervation restricted to External genitalia and Certain cranila nerves if ACh injected into blood, releaxation of SM in arteriorles adn fall in BP due to endothelial cells--NO
45
How do organic nitrates like nitroglycerin work in treatment of angina pectoris caused by ischemic heart disease
These agents lead to formation of NO when administered to the body. Vasorelaxatino roduced by NO increases blood supply t ischemic myocardium an ecreases oxygen consumptino by musce ==> this reduces pain
46
How does viagra and cialis work?
inhibits PDE-5 inhibits the inhibitor of cGMP --> inhibits the terminatino of cGMP inot 5-GMP

Physiology Winter 2012 (10 decks)

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