Physiology

Question 1

Describe the central venous waveform. What conditions affect it?

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Question 2

What are potential errors in CVP measurement?

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Question 3

What is the Valsalva manoeuvre? Describe the physiological changes.

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Question 4

Draw the cardiac action potential in contractile cardiac myocytes.

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Question 5

How do anti arrhythmic drugs affect the cardiac action potential?

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Question 6

What is the difference between laminar and turbulent flow?

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Question 7

Relate LVEDV to cardiac contractility.

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Question 8

Describe the effects of one lung ventilation on oxygen saturations.

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Question 9

What is compliance?

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Question 10

How is lung compliance affected by mechanical ventilation?

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Question 11

What factors affect cerebral perfusion?

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Question 12

What are the ventilatory responses to changing carbon dioxide and oxygen levels?

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Question 13

Describe the intracranial pressure waveform.

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Question 14

What methods can be used to measure ICP?

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Question 15

Describe the stress response to surgery.

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Question 16

What is pulmonary hypertension?

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Question 17

What are the treatments for pulmonary hypertension?

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Question 18

How does hyperbaric oxygen work?

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Question 19

What are the potential adverse effects of oxygen?

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Question 20

How do you assess a patient’s cardiac function?

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Question 21

What are the anaesthetic implications of mitral stenosis?

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Question 22

What is aortic stenosis?

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Question 23

What is sepsis? How is it managed?

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Question 24

What are the complications of massive transfusion?

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Question 25

What is anaemia? How can it be classified?

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Question 26

How is breathing controlled?

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Question 27

What is ARDS? Tell me about the ventilatory strategies of someone with ARDS.

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Question 28

What are the indications for the use of arterial tourniquets? What are the physiological consequences of its use?

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Question 29

What are the consequences of aortic cross clamping?

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Question 30

What are the causes of jaundice? What are the peri-operative implications?

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Question 31

Outline the structure of the immune system. What kind of hypersensitivity reactions are there?

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Question 32

What is the difference between spinal and neurogenic shock?

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Question 33

What are the implications on spinal cord injury in anaesthesia?

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Question 34

What is the pathophysiology of diabetic ketoacidosis? How does this difference with hyperosmolar non-ketotic acidosis?

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Question 35

What is chronic regional pain syndrome? What are the main management options?

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Question 36

What respiratory function tests are commonly used? How do you measure FRC? What is closing capacity?

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Question 37

What affects the FEV1/FVC ratio?

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Question 38

What tests can you use to assess someone's airway? How accurate are they?

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Question 39

How would you classify hypothermia? What are the effects of hypothermia?

Answer 39

https://www.rcemlearning.co.uk/reference/cardiac-arrest-in-special-circumstances-hypothermic-cardiac-arrest/#1568299302640-2e315b45-a32e

Question 40

How do you calculate the QT interval? What drugs might affect it?

Answer 40

https: //litfl.com/qt-interval-ecg-library/ https: //litfl.com/drugs-causing-qt-prolongation/

Question 41

How is adrenaline synthesised and secreted in vivo? How is it metabolised and excreted?

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Question 42

What are the functions of the placenta? What adaptations are there to enable gas exchange?

Answer 42

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Question 43

Describe the circulatory changes that occur at birth.

Answer 43

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Question 44

What are the determinants of intraocular pressure?

Answer 44

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Question 45

What are the causes of anaemia? What do microcytic, macrocytic and hypochromic mean?

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Question 46

What is the pathophysiology of a PE?

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Question 47

What is the MUST score? What is refeeding syndrome?

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Question 48

What is critical care myopathy? What are the risk factors? How is it diagnosed?

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Question 49

What is the pathophysiology of paracetamol poisoning?

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Question 50

What is the management of status epilepticus?

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