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Supervisor Study > Physiology > Flashcards

Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

What chemical substance in the blood is the main oxygen carrier?

A

Haemoglobin

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2
Q

An increase in respiratory rate in a diver while working may be due to?

A

Increased Co2

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3
Q

Oxygen used in decompression is to

A

Improve the elimination of inert gas

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4
Q

The vital capacity is best described as

A

Maximum expired volume after maximum inhalation

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5
Q

What is the maximum depth that therapeutic oxygen can be administered?

A

18 msw

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6
Q

A diver suffering from an AGE is recompressed in order to

A

Reduce the size of the gas bubble causing the embolism

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7
Q

A diver complains of hearing difficulties, tunnel vision, dizziness and twitching of face muscles during surface deco. What is he most likely suffering from?

A

Acute o2 poisoning

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8
Q

During decompression a diver complains of chest pain and difficulty breathing. You halt the deco and symptoms subside. If the symptoms reoccur on deco what is he likely suffering from?

A

Pneumothorax

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9
Q

One of the most common causes of vestibular DCI is

A

Changing of breathing medium from mixed gas to air

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10
Q

Complete desaturation of Nitrogen from the body usually takes

A

12 hours

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11
Q

During a surface deco divers eyes are flickering from side to side uncontrollably. He also feels unwell. He is likely suffering from?

A

Decompression sickness

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12
Q

After surfacing a diver complains of feeling fatigued and weary. He may be suffering from?

A

DCS type 2

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13
Q

On competition of an air dive, a diver complains of visual disturbance and facial pains. What should you do?

A

Table 6

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14
Q

How does nitrogen solubility on fatty tissue compare to lean tissue?

A

More soluble

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15
Q

Several hours after a dive a diver is complaining of tunnel vision and girdle pain. These are symptoms of what?

A

Type 2 DCS

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16
Q

After completing a dive to 30m, the diver complains of feeling unwell, dizzy and has visual disturbances and pain in his joints. What’s your immediate course of action?

A

Table 6

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17
Q

Middle ear barrotrauma is caused by?

A

Blockage between the eustachain tube and outer ear

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18
Q

Pneumothorax is caused by

A

Air escaping through the lung surface and collecting in the pleural cavity

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19
Q

Immediately after a dive a diver complains of loss of power and sensation down one side, severe headache and seems drowsy. He is most likely suffering from what?

A

Aerial Gas Embolism

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20
Q

Anoxia is what?

A

A complete lack of o2

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21
Q

Hypoxia is?

A

Low oxygen

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22
Q

Hyperoxia is?

A

High o2 levels

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23
Q

If gas ruptures the lung tissue and its trapped between the heat and lungs it is known as?

A

Mediastinal Emphysema

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24
Q

Pulmonary toxicity may occur when the PPo2 exceeds?

A

1.6 Bar / ATA

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25
Q

A diver complains of pain behind the breast bone and a dry cough. What is he most likely suffering?

A

Pulmonary O2 poisoning

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26
Q

Nitrogen narcosis usually occurs at partial pressures in excess of?

A

3 bar absolute

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27
Q

What is the definition of hypothermia?

A

> 2 degree drop in core body temperature.

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28
Q

What is normal core body temperature?

A

37 degrees c

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29
Q

What action should a diver take when suffering from nitrogen narcosis?

A

Decrease depth

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30
Q

A diver at 28msw after 20 minutes develops a headache, breathlessness, nausea and anxiety and sweating. What’s the most likely cause?

A

Co2 toxicity

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31
Q

A diver at 40 msw on air suddenly drifts downward oblivious to increased depth. He is pulled back up to 30 msw by the D2. What is the most likely cause?

A

Nitrogen narcosis

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32
Q

Over half the bloods volume is?

A

Plasma

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33
Q

What is the name of the heat regulation centre of the body?

A

The hypothalamus

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34
Q

What is considered normal vital capacity?

A

4 to 5 litres

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35
Q

A diver starts breathing rapidly, and then loses consciousness. He is probably suffering from?

A

Co2 poisoning

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36
Q

After what depth can HPNS symptoms start?

A

100 msw

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37
Q

During a decent a diver suffers a lot of pain in his teeth. What is he suffering?

A

Dental barotrauma

38
Q

If the chamber PPo2 was 160 mb the divers would be suffering from?

A

Hypoxia

39
Q

What is the normal respiratory rate?

A

12 to 16 breathes a minute

40
Q

After a raid uncontrolled ascent the diver collapses on reaching surface. What is probably wrong with him?

A

Aerial Gas Embolism

41
Q

What depth is a table 6?

A

18 msw / 60 fsw

42
Q

CO poisoning is treated by?

A

Hyperbaric o2

43
Q

After decompression the diver complains of tingling in both feet. What would you do?

A

Repressurise to treatment depth and seek medical advise

44
Q

After loss of pressure on the chamber one of the divers has difficulty breathing, and his chest is moving unequally. He is probably suffering from what?

A

Pneumothorax

45
Q

After a raid ascent a divers lung ruptures, and gas enters his bloodstream. This condition is known as?

A

Aerial Gas Embolism

46
Q

A divers face starts to twitch when he is on BIBS. He is probably suffering from?

A

Acute oxygen toxicity

47
Q

A diver is brought to the surface unconscious, with cherry red lips and breath smelling of almonds. What is the likely cause?

A

Carbon monoxide poisoning

48
Q

External respiration takes place in what part of the body?

A

Lungs

49
Q

Haemoglobin combines with what gas easiest?

A

Carbon monoxide

50
Q

The body metabolises how much oxygen per hour?

A

30 L

51
Q

A diver is showing signs of balance and breathing difficulties and is coughing up pink frothy sputum, after an uncontrolled ascent. What would you suspect?

A

Pneumothorax

52
Q

A diver complains of joint pain after a dive. What would you suspect?

A

Type 1 DCS

53
Q

What is the maximum PPo2 for DCS treatment?

A

2.8 bar

54
Q

Carbon dioxide toxicity is known as?

A

Hypercapnia

55
Q

Nitrogen dissolves into fatty tissue more than lean tissue. True or False?

A

True

56
Q

You can treat hypothermia by immersing the trunk in warm water. True or False?

A

True

57
Q

Time for complete desaturation of nitrogen?

A

24 hours

58
Q

Fatty tissue holds how many times more nitrogen that lean?

A

5 times

59
Q

Onset of nitrogen narcosis is at what depth and pressure?

A

30 msw and 4 bar absolute

60
Q

If body temperature increases then solubility of gas does what?

A

Decrease

61
Q

Which gas diffuses fastest out of the body?

A

Helium

62
Q

What body part absorbs the most gas over time?

A

The brain

63
Q

A diver suffering dizziness and balance problems may be suffering what kind of bend?

A

Vestibular

64
Q

Weakness and fatigue are symptoms of what kind of bend?

A

Neurological Type 2

65
Q

What causes high frequency hearing loss?

A

Round window rupture

66
Q

Trapped air around the heart is called?

A

Mediastinal emphysema

67
Q

What is the most frequent sign of o2 toxicity in the chamber?

A

Convulsions

68
Q

What is a common sign of chronic o2 toxicity?

A

Dry cough

69
Q

What is the the onset temperature of hypothermia?

A

35 degrees

70
Q

What is the onset temperature of hyperthermia?

A

39 degrees

71
Q

Carbon dioxide poisoning is called?

A

Hypercapnia

72
Q

Most common sign of carbon monoxide poisoning?

A

Cherry red lips

73
Q

Comfortable temperature range in saturation?

A

24 to 32 degrees

74
Q

Trapped gas around the neck is called?

A

Subcutaneous emphysema

75
Q

How would you treat hypercapnia?

A

Put on BIBs

76
Q

Body tissues recieve oxygen from?

A

Capillaries

77
Q

Pain on the thigh may indicate what?

A

A spinal bend

78
Q

Signs and symptoms of heat stroke

A

Headache, dizzy, hot, restless, nausea, weak pulse, shallow breathing, cramps

79
Q

Signs and symptoms of hypothermia

A

Cold, clammy, slow pulse, slurred speech, fixed ideas, weak breathing and unconscious

80
Q

Pneumothorax is best treated by?

A

100 % oxygen until medical intervention

81
Q

What is the most serious DCI symptoms?

A

Weakness and fatigue

82
Q

Air embolism causes blockage of what?

A

Arterial circulation

83
Q

Treatment for air embolism?

A

18 msw and oxygen

84
Q

In hypothermia the skin temperature is ?

A

Cold and clammy

85
Q

Hypothermia victim would not have which sign?

A

Raised pulse

86
Q

Core temperature gives a higher or lower reading?

A

Higher

87
Q

Co2 has a molecular weight of

A

44

88
Q

02 has a molecular weight of

A

32

89
Q

Name two gas exchange systems

A

Pulmonary and systemic

90
Q

What partial pressure is a diver likely to become unconscious at ?

A

150 millibar

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