physiology Flashcards
tidal volume
volume of air entering or leaving lungs during a single breath
0.5L
inspiratory reserve volume
extra volume of air that can be maximally inspired over and above the typical resting tidal volume
3L
expiratory reserve volume
extra air that can be actively expired by maximal contraction beyond the normal volume of air
1L
residual volume
minimum volume of air remaining in the lungs even after the maximal expiration
1.2L
inspiratory capacity
maximum volume of air that can be inspired at the end of a normal quiet expiration
3.5L
functional residual capacity
volume of air in the lungs at end of normal passive expiration
2.2L
vital capacity
maximum volume of air that can be moved out during a single breath following a maximal inspiration
4.5L
total lung capacity
total volume of air in the lungs
5.7L
vital capacity + residual volume
total lung capacity
normal FEV1/FVC
> 70%
FEV1/FVC in asthma
< 75%
spirometry results for airway obstruction
FVC: low or normal
FEV1: low
FEV1/FVC: low
spirometry results for lung restriction
FVC: low
FEV1: low
FEV1/FVC: normal
what can decrease pulmonary compliance
pulmonary fibrosis
pulmonary oedema
lung collapse
pneumonia
absence of surfactant
what happens if you have a decreased pulmonary compliance
greater change in pressure needed to produce a change in volume (lungs are stiffer)
restrictive pattern of lung volumes
