Physiology Flashcards
Raynaud’s Syndrome
spasming of arteries in fingers and toes causing them to turn white/blue
not curable
underlying causes - smoking, scleroderma, lupus
Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) Injury
common injury in sports when pivoting
sprain/small tear - mild
torn completely - severe
band of dense connective tissue anteriorly/inferiorly from femur to tibia
resists anterior tibial translation and rotational loads
Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL) Injury
less common due to width and strength of ligament
rupture of the ligament in the transverse direction
grade 1 - microscopic tear
grade 2 - partial teat and slight instability
grade 3 - completely torn
Lateral Collateral Ligament (LCL) Injury
caused by varus stress, lateral rotation of knee, repeated stress decreasing ligament elasticity
Medial Collateral Ligament (MCL) Injury
caused by valgus force on the knee
most common
Chondromalacia Patellae
anterior knee pain caused by physical and biomechanical changes
between femur and patella
articular cartilage on posterior patella becomes soft, swells, frays or erodes
frequent in youth
common cause injury
Iliotibial Band Syndrome (ITBS)
pain/tenderness with palpation on lateral aspect of the knee superior to the joint line and inferior to the lateral femoral epicondyle
caused by repetitive knee flexion/extension, cycling/running
impingement zone at or slightly below 30* knee flexion during foot strike and early stance of running
eccentric contraction of tensor fascia latae mm of GM causes deceleration of leg and increases tension in the IT band
Hernia
protrusion of organ through the abdominal wall due to weakness of muscles
caused by lifting, coughing, straining, inactivity or obesity
Inguinal hernia
common in men, rare in women
location: either side of abdomen
Scrotal hernia
caused when an inguinal hernia passes to the scrotum
Femoral hernia
uncommon, only 1 in 20 groin hernias are femoral typically they are inguinal
Umbilical hernia
occurs near the navel
common in babies
