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Foundations 1 > Physiology > Flashcards

Physiology Flashcards

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1
Q

aortic stretch receptors decrease firing rate

A

ADH secretion increases

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2
Q

sodium chloride is injested

A

ADH increase

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3
Q

ethylene glycol injested

A

will NOT increase ADH

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4
Q

Total body water

A

titrated water

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5
Q

extracellular water

A

inulin

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6
Q

plasma water

A

evan’s blue dye

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7
Q

intracellular water

A

TBW-ECW

titrated-inulin

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8
Q

intersitial water

A

inulin-ebd

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9
Q

what cannot be measured directly

A

intracellular water, interstitial water

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10
Q

isoosmotic solution m.w. 750, vascular perm 0.01, cell membrane 0.99

A

binding to albumin or intracellular proteins

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11
Q

entire vasculature completely permeable to albumin

A

EVB distributes in a volume approximately 4-5 greater than normal (EVB is plasma)

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12
Q

measured directly by dilution principle

A

extracellular fluid

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13
Q

normal saline/isotonic

A

ADH will not increase

the dilution principle using EBS to estimate plasma volume will give accurate results

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14
Q

Serum osm 290 mOsm, sodium 125 mmol/L, glucose 35, urea 5 mmol

A

low sodium, if the patient has a normal body sodium content his vascular stretch receptors will be inhibiting ADH release

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15
Q

serum osm 320, sodium 125, glucose 35, urea 5

A

a low molecular weight solute is present and unaccounted for in the serum.

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16
Q

Na+ 122.5, urea 12.3, glucose 78.8, serum osm 290

A

the infused solution was isotonic inulin

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17
Q

isomotic urea solution

A

increases intracellular volume

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18
Q

infusion of hypotonic sodium chloride solution

A

increase intracellular volume

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19
Q

infusion of D5W

A

increase intracellular volume

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20
Q

plasma fluid has a higher/lower sodium concentration than cells

A

higher

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21
Q

removal of pituitary

A

decrease volume of interstitium

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22
Q

intracellular compartment

A

lowest osmotic coefficient

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23
Q

greatest change in cell osmolality at equilibrium

A

loss of 500 mmoles of Na+ from interstitial
K+ from cells
Na+ from plasma
Cl- from plasma

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24
Q

in which case would plasma osmolality decrease the most

A

100 ml of 200mmolar solution of ethanol
200 ml of 200 mmolar solution of NaCl
200ml of a 200mmolar solution of inulin**
increase the vascular reflection coefficient for albumin

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25
75 mmolar solution of NaCl with increasing albumin
intracellular would see the smallest percentage increase in volume
26
greatest change in intersitial compartment volume
60 mmols of NaCl to plasma
27
albumin leaks out of the plasma compartment,
evans blue dye would be increased above normal
28
increase in vascular stretch receptors
suppression of ADH, urine production increases
29
the osmolality of the plasma compartment is slightly higher than that of the intersititial compartment
because high concentration of protein in the plasma results in a higher cation concentration in plasma
30
hinder kidneys efforts to conserve sodium
blockage of angiotensinogen 2 synthesis
31
hinder the kidneys efforts to save sodium
low plasma K+ levels,
32
expansion in plasma volume
plasma adh levels decrease, more urine
33
osmotic pressure inside a cell
is proportional to the intracellular concentration of all freely dissolved particles normally equal to osmotic pressure outside of cell
34
increase intracellular osmolality
block ADH release
35
increase both osmolality and volume of extracellular compartment
hypoosmotic urea
36
lowest osmotic coefficiant
intracellular
37
increased firing of vascular stretch receptors
suppression of ADH release
38
conserve body fluids
osmoreceptors due to higher than normal sodium concentration in plasma
39
high volume of distilled water
vascular stretch receptor firing increases | plasma ADH levels decrease
40
decrease plasma osmolality
infuse ADh
41
drink water
decrease plasma osmolality
42
shrink osmoreceptor cells
decrease plasma osmolality
43
inhibit stretch receptor cells
decrease plasma osmolality
44
greatest number of sodium ions
intersitial
45
lowest HCO3 and highest MG
intracellular
46
dehydration due to evaporative water loss from skin and lungs during rest
is generally more a problem during cold weather than in warm weather
47
drinking sea water
a shift of fluid from the intracellular compartment to the extracellular compartments
48
greatest change in intrcellular osmolality
adding 50 millimoles of alcohol to plasma | adding 50 millimoles of inulin to plasma
49
least change in cell volumes
adding 50 milimole of alcohol to plasma
50
dehydration, alcohol
inhibits ADH by pituitary gland
51
dilute, hypoosomotic urine
nerve toxin inhibiting hypothalmic osmoreceptors from firing
52
isotonic saline increase urine output because
plasma volume is expanded, plasma ADH levels are decreased, stretch receptors increase rate
53
dehydration evaporative water loss
decreasein plasma volume
54
hypertonic saline and hyperosmotic urea
increase plasma osmolality, stimulate stretch receptors, decrease ADH, increase intersitial volume
55
drink isotonic saline
decrease ADH
56
lying down
decrease ADH
57
evaporative water loss in cold desert
both stretch receptors and osmoreceptors increase ADH secretion
58
stretch receptors and hypothalmic osmo both increase or decrease
sea water
59
osmolar gap
sodiumX2 +urea +glucose+ethanol if present (methanol, isopropyl alcohol,
60
tonicity
non-penetrating solute hypertonic solution--cell shrinks (400 mOsm), water will go into extracellular space isotonic solution --cell same hypotonic--cell swells (200 osm)
61
40 mMoles inulin
cell will shrink. it is hypertonic
62
40 mMoles of ethanol
no volume change in cell
63
20 mMoles of NaCal
cell changes
64
hemorrhage or diarrhea
decrease extra cellular volume
65
h2o evaporation
decrease extra/intracellular volume, increase osmolality
66
adrenal insufficiency
decrease osmolality, decrease extracellular volume, increase cellular
67
NS infusion
increase extracellular
68
sea water
decrease intracellular volume, increase extracellular volume, increase osmolality
69
polydipsia
increase both volumes, decrease both osm
70
decrease osmoreceptor volume
increase ADH

Foundations 1 (3 decks)

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