Physiology Flashcards
(67 cards)
1
Q
Barium enema
A
- before procedure give enemas
- clear liquid diet the night before procedure
- NPO 8hrs before the test
- after: administer fluids, laxatives, or suppositories to expel barium
- teach:expect constipation and clay colored stools
2
Q
Paracentesis
A
- before procedure client must void
- check wt
- check abdominal girth BID
- post: monitor I&O, abdominal girth, blood in urine?
- increase HOB 45-60degrees to allow fluid to pool; position spine with HOB slightly elevated for withdrawal
- max fluid withdrawal 4-5L
3
Q
Foods high in Sodium
A
Celery Processed Foods Condiments Canned Foods Smoked Meats Tomato Juice Pickles Butter
4
Q
Which clients do you increase salty snacks with?
A
(ABCL) Addison's Disease Burns Cystic Fibrosis Lithium therapy
5
Q
Foods high in calcium
A
dairy products green leafy vegetables kale broccoli fish (canned with bones-sardines) oranges raisins nuts sesame seeds
6
Q
With calcium, which vitamin do you take to help increase absorption?
A
Vitamin D (sunlight, cod liver oil,eggs, milk, fatty fish)
7
Q
Foods high in potassium (k+)
A
apricots melons citrus fruits potato spinach raisins (dried fruits) raw vegetables nuts bananas grains kiwi figs avocado pumpkin peas cranberries
8
Q
Foods high in iron
A
green leafy vegetables organ meats tofu poultry fish
9
Q
Which vitamin do you take with iron to increase absorption?
A
Vitamin C
10
Q
Lacto-ovo
A
dairy
eggs
11
Q
Lacrosse-vegetarian
A
dairy
12
Q
Ovo-vegan
A
eggs
13
Q
Prego-vegan
A
dairy
only fish
14
Q
Partial/semi vegetarian
A
dairy
eggs
avoid selected meats
15
Q
Carbohydrate is the major source of ?
A
food energy
-grains, nuts, fruits
16
Q
Protein is needed for?
A
tissue building
17
Q
Protein can be found in?
A
meat chicken beans tofu legumes eggs
18
Q
Fat is used for?
A
Insulation
energy
to carry fat soluble vitamins
19
Q
What are the fat soluble vitamins?
A
A,D,E,K (water soluble: B&C)
20
Q
Which foods are fat found in?
A
egg yolk liver butter cheese margarine
21
Q
In what clients do you decrease fat?
A
clients with cardiovascular and cardiac disease
22
Q
CHO(carbohydrate)
A
4kcal/gm
23
Q
Protein
A
4kcal/gm
24
Q
Fat
A
9kcal/gm
25
Vitamins
necessary for normal cellular functions of the body
26
B1=Thiamine
given to alcoholics and to prevent beriberi (s/s waking difficulties, paresthesias of hands, loss of muscle function)
27
B1 can be found in?
```
grains
meat
fish
nuts
legumes
```
28
B3= Niacin
given to decrease cholesterol and triglycerides.
29
B3 deficiency causes?
pellagra (s/s diarrhea, dermatitis, dementia, death)
30
B3 are found in?
```
mushrooms
tuna
chicken breast
asparagus
halibut
salmon
```
31
B6= Pyridoxine
Increase with INH (isoniazid) to decrease peripheral neuropathy
32
B6 is found where?
meat
fish
potatoes
vegetables
33
B9= Folic acid
given pre-natally to prevent neural tube defects
34
B9 are found in?
organ meats
green leafy vegetables
fish
poultry
35
B12= Cyanocobalamin
needed for normal neurological function
36
Deficiency of B12 causes?
pernicious anemia
37
B12 is found in ?
```
Brewer's yeast
citrus fruit
dried beans
green leafy vegetables
nuts
organ meat
```
38
Vitamin A is good for?
mucous membranes and night vision
39
Vitamin A deficiency causes?
night blindness
hair loss
toxicity=liver damage & CNS effects
40
What is necessary for absorption with vitamin A?
bile
41
Vitamin A is found in?
fish
liver
egg yolk
yellow and dark green vegetables
42
Vitamin C is necessary for?
- synthesis of collagen and neurotransmitters
| - assists with wound healing
43
Vitamin C deficiency causes?
Scurvy (irritability, bleeding gums, leg pain)
44
Vitamin C is found in?
citrus fruits
green leafy vegetables
strawberries
peppers
45
Vitamin E is required for?
The proper function of many organs in the body. It is also an antioxidant.
46
What is the s/s of a vitamin e overdose?
```
nausea
stomach pain
diarrhea
headache
fatigue
blurred vision
```
47
What type of foods are vitamin e found in?
```
sunflower seeds
almonds
olives
papaya
dark green vegetables
whole grains
```
48
what is vitamin k necessary for?
clotting
49
Where is vitamin k found in?
green vegetables
cabbage
liver
organ meats
50
omega 3 fatty acids are good for?
```
cardiovascular health
diabetes mellitus
immune function
joint health (inflammation)
cancer
cognitive and behavioral function
```
51
omega 3 fatty acids can be found?
```
salmon
herring
mackerel
anchovies
sardines
tuna
halibut
plant
nut oil
```
52
Diet modification:
| PROGRESSION
clear liquid-full liquid-soft-regular
53
Diet modification:
| BLAND DIET
- helps to heal gastric mucosa
| - decrease spices
54
Diet modification:
| LOW RESIDUE
- used after bowel surgery, prior to bowel exam, for internal radiation
- AVOID nuts, seeds (strawberries), milk, foods high fiber (grains)
- Crohn's disease
55
Tube feeding
- place pt in semi fowler position
- measure tip of nose, to tip of the earlobe to the zyphoid process
- assess for placement every 4hrs: insert 5-10ml of air while listening for air over the stomach, withdrawal fluid to check ph-4 or less indicated gastric contents. Values greater than 6 indicates intestinal contents (fluid must be replaced)
- residuals greater than 150ml should be reported
- X-ray***most definitive*** method to determine placement
56
PPN: Peripheral Parenteral Nutrition
Temporary Supplement (4-7 days)
57
What vein is used in PPN?
Peripheral: peripheral vein is used
58
TPN: Total Parenteral Nutrition
- Finger sticks Q6hts-prone to hyperglycemia
- Never stop abruptly/taper may cause hypoglycemia
- piggy back with LIPIDS only
- Change tubing daily, USE A FILTER
- change dressing every OTHER day using STERILE TECHNIQUE
- If TPN unavailable unavailable administer Dextrose 10% until available
59
What line is TPN used for and how long?
Central line- long term/ jugular- less than 4 weeks
60
Celiac Disease
- Formally called (Spruce)
- Avoid foods containing GLUTEN
- Avoid BARLEY, RYE, OAT, WHEAT (BROW)
- Can have rice, corn, soy flour, pistachios
- HIGH protein, HIGH calorie diet
61
PKU: Phenylketonuria
- Avoid phenylalanine (amino acid that cannot be metabolized)
- Avoid artificial sweeteners, bread, meat, fish, poultry,cheese, nuts, eggs, legumes
- Guthrie test performed via heel stick. If done earlier than 24-48 hrs, test must be repeated in 7-14 days
- For infants- lofenolac formula is used (Low protein, Low amino acids)
- Can cause brain damage/mental retardation
62
Low Purine Diet (Gout: Increase Uric Acid)
- Avoid organ meat, shellfish, lobster, peas, beans, nuts, oatmeal, wheat, sardines, anchovies, alcohol, mushrooms
- Eggs and chocolate are OK- encourage fluids -2-3 L /day
- Beneficial foods: blackberries, tofu, soybeans, salmon
63
Colchicine-Cylorus
May decrease Vitamin B12 absorption, diarrhea- use during acute exacerbation
64
Allopurinal-Zyloprim
Bone marrow depression, arthralgia
65
Probenecid- Benemid
nausea
rash
constipation
66
Safety-Fire Safety
```
RACE
Rescue/remove those in immediate danger
Alarm others by activating the fire alarm
Confine the fire
Extinguish the fire if small or evacuate
```
67
To use a fire extinguisher
```
PASS
Pull the pin
Aim low at the base of the fire
Squeeze the handle. Stand approximately 10 ft from fire
Sweep the hose side to side
```
