Physiology

Question 1

system nerve tissue and fibers outside of the brain and SC – connects the CNS to the rest of the body, has 2 subdivisions

Answer 1

peripheral nervous system

Question 2

system of brain and spinal cord

Answer 2

central nervous system

Question 3

sensory neurons transmit information through ____

Answer 3

afferent fibers

Question 4

motor impulses travel through ____

Answer 4

efferent fibers

Question 5

nervous system that accelerates heartbeat and inhibits digestion - fight or flight

Answer 5

sympathetic

Question 6

nervous system that decelerates heartbeat and increases digestion, goal of energy conservations

Answer 6

parasympathetic

Question 7

part of the brain involved in balance, motor coordination, breathing, digestion, general arousal processes (sleeping/waking) - vital for survival

Answer 7

hindbrain

Question 8

part of the brain that manages sensorimotor reflexes to promote survival, receives sensory and motor information

Answer 8

midbrain

Question 9

part of the brain associated with complex perceptual, cognitive, and behavioral processes (emotion and memory), greatest influence on behavior

Answer 9

forebrain

Question 10

a lower brain structure responsible for regulating vital functions such as breathing, heartbeat, and blood pressure

Answer 10

medulla oblongata

Question 11

brain structure that contains sensory and motor tracts between the cortex and medulla

Answer 11

pons

Question 12

brain structure that helps maintain posture and balance and coordinates body movements

Answer 12

cerebellum

Question 13

brain structure composed of interconnected nuclei, regulates arousal and alertness (sleeping and waking) and attention (anesthetics act on this)

Answer 13

reticular formation

Question 14

____ colliculus receives visual sensory input

Answer 14

superior

Question 15

____ colliculus receives auditory sensory input

Answer 15

inferior

Question 16

relay station for incoming sensory information, includes all senses except smell - sorts sensory impulses and transmits them to appropriate areas of the cerebral cortex

Answer 16

thalamus

Question 17

serves homeostatic functions and is a key player in emotional experience during heightened arousal states, aggressive behavior, and sexual behavior - also helps control some endocrine functions and the autonomic nervous system, involved in fight or flight

Answer 17

hypothalamus

Question 18

hunger center of the brain, tells you when to begin eating and drinking

Answer 18

lateral hypothalamus

Question 19

satiety center of the brain that tells you when you’ve had enough to eat, brain lesions in this area usually lead to obesity

Answer 19

ventromedial hypothalamus

Question 20

electrical stimulation here causes an increase in aggressive sexual behavior, damage leads to permanent inhibition of sexual activity

Answer 20

anterior hypothalamus

Question 21

area in the middle of the brain that controls muscle movement as it receives information from the cortex

Answer 21

basal ganglia

Question 22

fluid-filled cavities in the middle of the brain that link up with spinal canal that runs down SC, linked with schizophrenia symptoms

Answer 22

ventricles

Question 23

group of interconnected structures looping around central portion of the brain, lies in the oldest part of the central hemisphere - primarily associated with emotion and memory

Answer 23

limbic system

Question 24

pleasure center of the brain, also acts to inhibit aggression

Answer 24

septal nuclei

Question 25

involved in aggressive and defensive behavior, damage reduces aggression and fear, lesions lead to docility and hypersexual states

Answer 25

amygdala

Question 26

brain structure involved in learning and memory

Answer 26

hippocampus

Question 27

not being able to establish long term memories

Answer 27

anteretrograde amnesia

Question 28

not being able to remember events before an injury

Answer 28

retrograde amnesia

Question 29

combines input from diverse brain regions

Answer 29

association areas

Question 30

areas that receive sensory information or send out motor impulse commands

Answer 30

projection areas

Question 31

large section of fibers that connect the hemispheres

Answer 31

corpus callosum

Question 32

contains nucleus, cell's energy center

Answer 32

cell body/soma

Question 33

branch out from the soma to receive incoming information from other neurons via postsynaptic receptors, external stimulation can lead to neuron firing

Answer 33

dendrites

Question 34

branch out to terminal buttons

Answer 34

axons

Question 35

contain vesicles filled with neurotransmitters that release when neuron fires

Answer 35

terminal buttons

Question 36

neural transmission between neurons is a (chemical/electrical) process

Answer 36

chemical

Question 37

neural conduction within neuron is a (chemical/electrical) process

Answer 37

electrical