Physiology Flashcards
(24 cards)
Where are SGLT1 and 2 found?
Intestine and kidney tubules
Primarily SGLT2 in kidney.
What do SGLT channels transport?
Glucose and galactose along with sodium.
Where are GLUT1 channels found?
Ubiquitous.
What do GLUT1 channels transport?
Glucose and galactose.
Where are GLUT2 channels found?
Liver
Pancreatic B cells
Small intestine
Kidney
What do GLUT2 channels transport?
Glucose, galactose and fructose.
What do GLUT3 channels transport?
Glucose and galactose.
What do GLUT4 channels transport?
Glucose.
What do GLUT5 channels transport?
Fructose only.
Where are GLUT3 channels found?
Placenta
Brain
Testes
Where are GLUT4 channels found?
Adipose
Skeletal and cardiac muscle
Where are GLUT5 channels found?
Sperm
Small intestine
What does maltase break maltose down to?
2 glucose molecules
What does lactase break lactose down to?
Glucose and galactose.
What does sucrase break sucrose down to?
Glucose and fructose.
What enzymes are crucial in triglyceride synthesis and what are their roles?
LPL - lipoprotein lipase hydrolyses FA from chylomicrons.
DGAT - esterifies FA and glycerol to form TAGs.
What enzyme is crucial in lipolysis?
Hormone sensitive lipase.
- breaks down TAGs to glycerol and FA.
What enzymes are crucial in fatty acid synthesis and what are their roles?
Acetyl coA carboxylase
- converts acetyl coA to malonyl coA when biotin is present.
Fatty acid synthase
- converts 7 malonyl coA to palmitic acid when NADPH and acetyl coA are present.
Name 3 ketone bodies.
Acetone
Acetoacelate
B-hydroxybutyrate
What cells in the anterior pituitary produce growth hormone?
Somatotrophs.
50% of cells are these.
What cells in the anterior pituitary produce FSH and LH?
Gonadotrophs
10% are these.
What cells in the anterior pituitary produce adrenocorticotrophic hormones?
Corticotrophs
10-15 of cells.
What cells in the anterior pituitary produce thyroid stimulating hormone?
Thyrotrophs
5% of cells.
What cells in the anterior pituitary produce prolactin?
Lactotrophs
20% of cells.
