Physiology

Question 1

Refers to the clumping of antigen-antibody complexes indicating their interaction. This when incompatible blood types are mixed each other.

Answer 1

Agglutination

Question 2

Process by which the body prevents the loss of blood

Answer 2

Blood clotting / Coagulation

Question 3

Contains iron and four heme groups to which four oxygen atoms can bind. Excess monoxide in the blood can lead to poisoning because CO has greater affinity to hemoglobin than oxygen thus, oxygen is outcompeted and its results to oxygen deficiency.

Answer 3

Hemoglobin

Question 4

Color of Hemoglobin oxygenated state?

Answer 4

Bright red

Question 5

Color of Hemoglobin deoxygenated state?

Answer 5

Dull red

Question 6

Contains several atoms and can carry one oxygen molecule

Answer 6

Haemerythrin

Question 7

Color of Haemerythrin oxygenated state?

Answer 7

Purple

Question 8

Color of Haemerythrin deoxygenated state?

Answer 8

Colorless

Question 9

Contains two copper ions that combines with one oxygen atom

Answer 9

Haemocyanin

Question 10

Color of Haemocyanin oxygenated state?

Answer 10

Light blue

Question 11

Color of Haemocyanin deoxygenated state?

Answer 11

Colorless

Question 12

Contains iron and can bind up to four oxygen molecules. (Color) in both oxygenated and deoxygenated

Answer 12

Chlorocruoin

Color : Green

Question 13

Process of bone formation by osteoblast

Answer 13

Ossification

Question 14

Takes place during ossification of bones and can also occur in other tissues

Answer 14

Calcification

Question 15

Process of bone development from fibrous membrane.

Answer 15

Intramembranous ossification

Question 16

Secretes the extracellular matrix and deposit calcium, which hardens the bone matrix.

Answer 16

Osteoblast

Question 17

Process of bone development from hyaline cartilage.

Answer 17

Endochondral Ossification

Question 18

Part of extrahepatic bilary system where bile is stored and concentrated

Answer 18

Gallbladder

Question 19

Bile is formed in?

Answer 19

Liver

Question 20

Involves the liver, with its vast blood supple, the gallbladder, and the hepatic and bile ducts.

Answer 20

Biliary system

Question 21

Ability of immune system to defense against infection and disease

Answer 21

Immunity

Question 22

Immunity from serum antibodies produced by plasma cells.

Answer 22

Humoral Immunity

Question 23

Refers to the bodily fluids where these free0floating serum antibodies bind to antigen and assist with elimination

Answer 23

Humoral

Question 24

Acquired through T cells from someone who is immune to the target disease or infection.

Answer 24

Cell-mediated Immunity

Question 25

Refers to the fact that response is carried out by cytotoxic cells

Answer 25

Cell-Medicated

Question 26

Synthesize and secrete antibodies, proteins that bind to antigen on pathogens to help phagocytes destroy them

Answer 26

B Cells (Mature in Bone marrow)

Question 27

Mature in Thymus glands

Answer 27

T cells

Question 28

Like NK cells for innate immunity, but their recognition of pathogen is much more specific.
They kill virus-infected cells by secreting proteins that penetrate and puncture cell membrane.
Shuts off replication of the pathogen.

Answer 28

Cytotoxic T cells (CD8+)

Question 29

Stimulate other components of the immune response by secreting signalling molecules that activate B cells & phagocytes.

Answer 29

Helper T cells (CD4+)

Question 30

Turns off the immune response once the pathogen has been defeated.

Answer 30

Suppressor T cells