Physiology- Digestive system Flashcards
5 stages of digestion:
Ingestion Digestion Absorption Assimilation Egestion
Ingestion definition:
Taking large pieces of food into the body
Digestion definition:
Breaking down the food by mechanical and chemical means
Absorption definition:
Taking up the soluble digestion products into the body
Assimilation definition:
Using the absorbed materials
Egestion definition: how is it different from excretion
Eliminating the undigested material from the body cavity
-excretion is elimination of metabolic waste from body cells
What are the 3 glands in the gut (alimentary canal) that secrete enzymes?
- salivary gland
- liver
- pancreas
What are the 4 layers in the lining of the alimentary canal?
Lumen
1) Mucosa
2) Submucosa
3) Muscle
4) Serosa
What is the structure of the mucosa?
- It is the layer closest to the lumen, so is folded to increase surface area
- secretes digestive enzymes from glands
- epithelium is made from columnar epithelial
What is the structure of columnar epithelial?
- Contains microvilli
- bilayer contains lots of membrane bound proteins for facilitated diffusion and active transport
- lots of mitochondria
- membrane bound enzymes
What makes up the submucosa?
- Layers of blood vessels and the lymph vessels
- also contains glands secreting enzymes
- contains the nerves to control the longitudinal and circular nerves
What is the structure of the muscle layer in the gut?
- layer of circular muscle
- layer of longitudinal muscle
These 2 muscle work antagonistically so are able to push food through gut by peristalsis
What is the serosa and its function?
- thin layer of tough connective tissue that holds the gut together
- attaches to the abdomen
What 5 parts make up the alimentary canal?
Mouth Oesophagus Stomach Small intestine Large intestine
Describe what happens in the mouth when food is taken in by digestion:
- mastication to increase SA
- Salivary glands secrete saliva, containing water to dissolve soluble substances, mucus for lubrication, amylase and lysozyme to kill pathogens