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Endocrine > Physiology: Hormonal Control of Growth > Flashcards

Physiology: Hormonal Control of Growth Flashcards

1
Q

What happens to growth in psychosocial deprivation?

A

Growth is stunted

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2
Q

Why does psychosocial deprivation stunt growth?

A

Neural imputs to the hypothalamus!

Decreased GnRH, GH, TRH

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3
Q

What do you give to stall puberty?

A

Long acting analog of GnRH, which down regulates GnRH receptors in pituitary. (Leupride) This can make them taller!

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4
Q

What shuts down the epiphyseal plates after pubertal spurt?

A

Sex hormones: androgens and estrogens

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5
Q

What hormones are required for normal somatic growth?

A 
Insulin
Thyroid (thus TRH, TSH, iodine)
Cortisol (but not too much)
GI hormones
Vit D (and PTH)
Sex hormones
    -androgens (both)
    -estrogens (female)
IGF-1 (for GH in liver)
GH
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6
Q

How tall are you when you are born, relative to adult height?

A

One third!

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7
Q

What % of adult height as a infant? 1 year old? 10-12? Adolescent (10-14 f/12-16m)?

A

30%
50%
90%
100%

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8
Q

Hormones in womb?

A

Insulin
IGF-1
hPL

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9
Q

Hormones at 0- 1 year?

A

Insulin

IGF1

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10
Q

Hormones at 1-12?

A

Insulin
GH
T3
Vit D

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11
Q

Hormones at teen?

A 
Insulin
GH
T3
Vit D
Sex hormones
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12
Q

What does brain and head growth curve look like?

A

Tops out at 8 years

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13
Q

What does organ growth curve look like?

A

Sigmoidal: 8 and teen spurt

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14
Q

What do reproductive tissue growth curves look like?

A

4 fold in teen spurt

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15
Q

What do lympoid tissue growth curves look like?

A

Spike at 10 years, slop to normal in late teens

*thymic effect of T and estrogen

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16
Q

Growth hormone change height how much?

A

20-30%

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17
Q

Lack of cortisol does what to growth?

A

Delays and decreases

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18
Q

If a male has early onset androgens, what happens to adult height?

A

Shorter than normal

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19
Q

What type of body does androgen deficiency cause in males?

A

Tall, long arms and legs, and round body.

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20
Q

What happens if a girls has early onset estrogens?

A

Short stature

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21
Q

What happens if a girl has decreased androgens?

A

Tall stature and slow growth

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22
Q

What is another name for GH?

A

Somatotropin

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23
Q

What is another name for IGF1?

A

Somatomedin

24
Q

What is another name for somatostatin?

A

SS, SRIH

25
Q

What is another name for GHRH?

A

Somatocrinin

26
Q

What are the effects of the 22k (90%) form of GH?

A

Growth

Metabolism increase

27
Q

What are the effects of the 20k (10%) form of GH?

A

Just Growth…

28
Q

How do you tell if a athlete has been taking GH?

A

The ratio of 22k/20k is greater than 9/10

29
Q

Is ingesting meat with GH a problem? Why? What about Estrogen? Why?

A

GH=Peptide=Digested in intestine

Estrogen=Steroid=Crosses barrier!

30
Q

What are the major actions of GH?

A 
\+: Body mass
    tallness
    synergy with T3
    Bone growth
     bone thickening
     lypolysis

-: mildly impairs glucose uptake and utilization

+DNA, RNA, Ribosome, PS

31
Q

What is the - effects of GH?

A

-: mildly impairs glucose uptake and utilization (diabetogenic!)

32
Q

Is GH diabetogenic?

A

Yes

33
Q

TEST**What are the cellular effects of GH?

A
  1. (Somatomedin hypthesis): GH->liver–>IGH1–>long bone and muscle growth
  2. (Dual effector hypothesis): GH->everywhere–>different effects via IGF1 in those tissues
34
Q

GH leads to and increases of what in plasma?

A

IGF-1

IGF-1 binding protein

35
Q

What does IGF-1 do in the pituitary?

A

Inhibit?

36
Q

IGF1 and GH vary in what effects?

A

+ lypolysis, - insulin sensitivity: GH

-lypolysis, + insulin activity: IGF-1

37
Q

GH and IGF-1 break into what phases of growth?

A

GH: early, start differentiation

IGF-1: late, guide differentiation

38
Q

IGF-1 levels in acromegaly? Hypopituitary?

A

High, low

39
Q

Pygmies have what defect?

A

No GH receptor!

40
Q

If pt has GH insensitivity, what can you give them?

A

IGF-1… it helps somewhere downstream

41
Q

GH does what to K, Ca, Na, PO4?

A

Put them inside cells

42
Q

T3 with GH does what?

A

Increases GHRH

More effective GH

43
Q

GC do what to GH?

A

Inhibit

44
Q

Sum T3/GC?

A

+T3

-GC

45
Q

What is GC effect on growth?

A

GCs impair growth?

46
Q

GH absolutely needs what to act?

A

Insulin

47
Q

When is GH released?

A

Deep sleep

48
Q

When is cortisol released?

A

Mornin before waking

49
Q

What happens to GH over age?

A

Decreases to half and holds

50
Q

When is GH/IGF1 the highest?

A

WhatPuberty

51
Q

What increases GH?

A 
GHRH
Decreased SS
Puberty
Deep sleep
Exercise
Acute stress
T3
Glucose decrease
52
Q

What causes GH to decrease?

A 
SS
Decrease GHRH
Light sleep and waking
GH elevation
IGF1 elevation
aging
hyperglycemia
FFA increase
53
Q

What is needed for GH secretion?

A

T4/T3

54
Q

What stimulates GH in puberty?

A

T

Estrogen?

55
Q

Pituitary tumors do what to GH?

A

Can increase OR decrease

56
Q

What does sleep release of GH look like in psychosocial deprivation?

A

There is none! it returns with about 10 days, 1 month recovery

57
Q

TEST: Since GH is hard to get during sleep and expensive to test, what is a better test?

A

IGF-1

Endocrine (15 decks)

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