Physiology I- Exam 2 - Neurophysiology and Sensory Organs (my own questions)

Question 1

Adrenergic receptor Alpha 1

Answer 1

Stimulatory
2nd messenger is inc of DAG, IP3
Causes Increase of Calcium
Causes: Mydriasis (dilated pupil), contract sphincters, constrict arterioles

Question 2

Adrenergic Receptor Alpha 2

Answer 2

Inhibitory
2nd messenger is dec cAMP
Causes decrease calcium
Causes: Decreased intestinal motility/ salivation

Question 3

Adrenergic Receptor Beta 1

Answer 3

Stimulatory
2nd messenger is inc cAMP
Causes increase of Calcium
Causes: Increase HR, contractility/ conduction velocity

Question 4

Adrenergic Receptor Beta 2

Answer 4

Stimulatory
2nd messenger is inc cAMP
Causes decrease in calcium
Causes: Bronchodialation, inhibition of labor (tocolysis), and relaxes urinary bladder.

Question 5

Cholinergic M1 Receptor

Answer 5

Stimulatory
Expresses in CNS/Exocrine system
Inc calcium 2nd messenger is inc of DAG/IP3
-Increase salivary/ stomach gland secretion.

Question 6

Cholinergic M2 Receptor

Answer 6

Inhibitory
Expressed in Heart
2nd Messenger dec cAMP (opens K+ channels)
Decrease Calcium and K+
Decreases heart rate, contractility, conduction

Question 7

Cholinergic M3 Receptor

Answer 7

Stimulatory,
2nd messenger is inc of DAG/IP3
Occurs in smooth muscle.
Inc calcium
Causes miosis (constricted pupil), Dilation of Arterioles, Bronchoconstriction, Bladder Constrict, increased stomach and intestinal movement.

Question 8

Preganglionic neurons are

Answer 8

cholinergic (acetylcholine)

Question 9

Sympathetic post ganglionic are

Answer 9

adrenergic ( nor epinephrine)

Question 10

Parasympathetic post ganglionic are

Answer 10

cholinergic (acetylcholine)

Question 11

adrenal medullla

Answer 11

Does not have pre/post ganglia

Question 12

What are the three prevertebral ganglia?

Answer 12

inferior mesenteric ganglion
superior mesenteric ganglion
celiac ganglion

Question 13

Vagus Nerve 10

Answer 13

Largest, provides innervation to lungs, heart, stomach, pancreas, small intestine ect.

Question 14

Parasympathetic Nervous System

Answer 14

Long presynaptic neurons, Short postsynaptic, cranial sacral origin

Question 15

Sympathetic Nervous System

Answer 15

Short presynaptic neurons, long postsynaptic, thoracolumbar origin.

Question 16

Merkels corpuscles

Answer 16

Slowly adapting. Touch and pressure sensation.

Question 17

Pascinians Corpuscles

Answer 17

Rapidly adapting. Pressure and vibration

Question 18

Messiners corpuscle

Answer 18

Rapid adaptation. Senses touch/ vibration.

Question 19

Hair follicle sensor

Answer 19

Rapidly adapting. Touch and vibration

Question 20

Ruffini’s corpuscle

Answer 20

Slow adapting. Pressure

Question 21

Drugs blocking synthesis of prostaglandins

Answer 21

NSAIDs

Question 22

Drugs blocking pulse conduction

Answer 22

Local anesthetic ( like lidocaine)

Question 23

Drugs that block transmission in pain pathways in CNS

Answer 23

Morphine, buprenorphine, ect.

Question 24

Symptoms of cerebellar disease

Answer 24

Wide based gait, intention tremors, Dysmetria, Asynergia, Nystagmus

Question 25

Stereocillia moving towards Kinocillia

Answer 25

Depolarization, increased frequency of Action Potentials.

Question 26

Stereocillia moving away from Kinocillia

Answer 26

Hyper polarization, decrease in frequency of action potentials.

Question 27

Symptoms of Upper Motor Neuron Disease

Answer 27

No atrophy, no change in EMG, exaggerated reflexes, inappropriate movement

Question 28

Symptoms of LMN Disease

Answer 28

Atrophy, Paresis/ Paralysis, change to EMG, and loss of segmental/ intersegmental reflexes

Question 29

Vestibulospinaltract

Answer 29

In medulla/ pons Cranial nerve / cerebellum sensory info. Detects gravity disturbances, responsible for righting reflex.

Question 30

Rubrospinal tract

Answer 30

Red nucleus. Voluntary skilled movement, sensory to cerebral cortex/ and cerebellum.

Question 31

Tectospinal tract

Answer 31

Midbrain. Visual, auditory, and somatosenory. Information on position of stimulus. Controls movement of the head towards environmental stimuli

Question 32

Reticuspinal tract

Answer 32

Pons and medula. Sensory for pain perception. Respiratory, circulation, and antigravity regulation