Physiology Immune System

Question 1

Immune system physical barriers

Answer 1

Skin

Mucous linings

Ciliated epithelium

Question 2

Immune system chemical barriers

Answer 2

Lysozyme

Acids

Question 3

Immune system mechanical barriers

Answer 3

Physical removal of pathogens

Question 4

Innate immunity

Answer 4

Immediate response, responds to a range of signals

Question 5

Adaptive immunity

Answer 5

Stronger response, attack specific pathogen or antigen and have memory of last illnesses

Question 6

Four step in immune response

Answer 6

Detect and identify

Communicate with other immune cells

Recruit other immune cells and coordinate response

Destroy or suppress invader

Question 7

Lymphoid tissues

Answer 7

Bone marrow, thymus, lymph nodes, spleen, appendix, and tonsils

Question 8

Thymus

Answer 8

Glandular organ near the heart which activates T lymphocytes

Question 9

Bone marrow

Answer 9

Blood-producing tissue located in certain bones

Question 10

Spleen

Answer 10

Filter for the blood

Question 11

Red pulp

Answer 11

Macrophages remove old and damaged red blood cells and trap and destroy infectious agents

Question 12

White pulp

Answer 12

Lymphocytes

Question 13

Lymphatic vessels

Answer 13

Collect fluid that has filtered out of the blood into the tissues and returns it to circulation

Question 14

Lymph nodes

Answer 14

Permanent aggregate of immune cells that filter out dead cells and antigens to present to lymphocytes

Question 15

Granulocytes

Answer 15

Eosinophils, basophils and mast cells, and neutrophils

Question 16

Agranulocytes

Answer 16

Monocytes and macrophages

Lymphocytes

Dendritic cells

Question 17

Morphological grouping

Answer 17

Granulocytes carry granules laden with killer chemicals

Question 18

Phagocytes

Answer 18

Engulf and digest invaders

Question 19

Cytotoxic

Answer 19

Attack and kill

Question 20

Antigen-presenting cells

Answer 20

Display foreign particles on surface

Question 21

Mononuclear phagocytes system

Answer 21

Macrophages in tissue and parent monocytes in blood

Question 22

Eosinophils

Answer 22

Allergic reactions and parasitic diseases

Question 23

Basophils and mast cells

Answer 23

Release histamine, inflammation, and innate immunity response

Question 24

Neutrophils

Answer 24

Phagocytic and release cytokines and inflammatory mediators

Question 25

Monocytes

Answer 25

Mature to tissue macrophages, phagocytic, and antigen-presenting cells

Question 26

Lymphocytes

Answer 26

Acquired immunity

Question 27

Dendritic cells

Answer 27

Found at interface between external and internal environments and antigen-presenting cells

Question 28

Myeloblast

Answer 28

Immature white blood cell in the bone marrow and becomes granulocytes

Question 29

Lymphoblast

Answer 29

Precursor of lymphocytes

Question 30

Development of T lymphocytes

Answer 30

Migrate from bone thymus to mature

Question 31

Development of B lymphocytes

Answer 31

Mature in bone marrow

Question 32

Development of natural killer cells

Answer 32

Develop in bone marrow and other tissues

Question 33

What causes the development of lymphocytes

Answer 33

Adaptive immune response

Question 34

Chemotaxins

Answer 34

Stimulate increased inflammatory cell migration in the tissues and increases the inflammatory cascade

Question 35

Opsonins

Answer 35

Facilitate recognition, binding, ingestion, and killing of microorganisms by phagocytes

Question 36

Phagocytosis

Answer 36

Ingest foreign cells and chemicals

Question 37

Inflammation

Answer 37

Infection or tissue damage that stimulates local non-specific reactions

Question 38

Innate immunity macrophage

Answer 38

Attracted to infection site by chemicals from dying cells After ingesting, they wear pieces of it so other immune system cells know what to target

Question 39

Natural killer cells

Answer 39

Secrete interferons Protect against viral infections, cancer Kill cells by using perforin to make holes in cell membrane of target cell which then lyse the cell

Question 40

Beneficial roles of inflammation

Answer 40

Attract immune cells and chemical mediators Create physical barriers to prevent infection spread Promote tissue repair

Question 41

Acute-phase proteins

Answer 41

Help prevent tissue damage Increase supply during infection and inflammation

Question 42

Interleukins

Answer 42

Communication between leukocytes through fever, increased vessel permeability, and stimulation of liver to produce acute phase proteins

Question 43

Bradykinin

Answer 43

Pain and swelling

Question 44

Complement proteins

Answer 44

Complement work of antibodies in destroying bacteria

Question 45

Membrane attack complex

Answer 45

Complement proteins insert into membrane, creating pores Water and ions enter pathogen through pores Cell swells and lyses