Physiology - Intro to Homeostasis Flashcards
(18 cards)
Define Physiology.
the study of the function of living things
Define Anatomy.
The study of the structure of living things.
How are Physiology and Anatomy related?
Physiological mechanisms are made possible by the anatomical design, and relationships between parts of the body.
List the building blocks of life in order from Atoms to Organisms.
Atom, molecule, macromolecule, organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism
What are the simplest organisms are capable of independent life?
Give 2 examples
Single cells
Example: bacteria and amoebas
Name the 8 basic functions of all cells.
1.Obtaining nutrients and oxygen (O2)
2.Creating energy (from nutrients and O2)
3. Eliminating waste products (e.g. CO2)
4. Synthesising proteins for cell functions and growth
5. Controlling movement of material into, and out of the cell
6.Effectively moving material around a cell interior
7. Responding to their surroundings
8. Reproduction – ability to divide (except some specialised cells)
Define tissue.
A tissue is formed from a group of similarly structured cells and have a specialised function.
Name the 4 types of primary tissue.
- Connective tissue
- Muscle tissue
- Epithelial tissue
- Nervous tissue
What is ECF (Extracellular Fluid)?
ECF is a watery external environment surrounding cells but inside the body, in which cells can live.
Name the 2 main components of (ECF) Extracellular Fluid.
Plasma - fluid part of the blood
Interstitial Fluid (ISF) - the fluid that surrounds cells
Draw a diagram and label ECF
Name the specialist systems required to maintain ECF.
Name what they do in order to maintain ECF.
Digestive - supplies nutrients
Respiratory - Provides O2 and removes CO2
Cardiovascular - Distributes nutrients and O2
Renal - Removes waste products
How should ECF be maintained?
- Constant replenishing of nutrients and oxygen
- Constant removal of waste products
- Temperature for biochemical reactions
Define Homeostasis.
The maintenance of a relatively stable internal environment.
7 Regulated factors? - Homeostasis
- Nutrient molecules
- O2 and CO2
- Waste products
- pH
- Water, salts and other electrolytes
- Blood volume and pressure
- Temperature
What are the two categories of Homeostatic regulation?
Intrinsic - auto-regulation:
Adjust automatically in response to environmental change
Extrinsic - Interventions by the nervous or the endocrine system
Define Intrinsic regualtion.
Give an example …. ie symptom, response and result
A direct automatic adjustment in response to some environmental change by cell/tissue/organ/physiological system.
Example
symptom: decreased tissue oxygen levels
Response : Cells release chemicals that cause local vasodilation eg: nitric oxide
Result: Increased rate of blood flow providing more oxygen to the region
Extrinsic regulation
